Vol. 28 No. 1(109) (2026): Research, results

When animals are used under industrial production systems, they must meet specific requirements. Breeders are tasked with developing animals characterized by high productivity, strong constitution, and the absence of conformation defects. The studies were conducted at the private farm “Karimov” in the Zhetysu region. The research objects were cows of the Holstein and Alatau breeds of different ages. A comparative analysis of productive traits of Holstein and Alatau cows of different ages, carried out during 2023–2025, showed that in all age groups and across all years Holstein cows had a clear advantage in milk yield compared with Alatau cows. Thus, the milk yield of first-lactation Holstein cows in 2023 exceeded that of Alatau cows by 2,339 kg (P<0.001), and by 1,254 kg (P<0.001) in cows of the third lactation and older. In 2024, the corresponding advantage was 1,848 kg (P<0.001) and 2,636 kg (P<0.001), while in 2025 it amounted to 1,825 kg (P<0.001) and 2,318 kg (P<0.001), respectively.

The dynamics of milk yield with increasing age differed between the breeds. In terms of qualitative traits, with no statistically significant differences, the Alatau breed showed slightly higher values. The variability of milk yield corresponded to standard reference levels; however, some lability of milk yield was observed in Alatau cows.

It was found that Holstein cows were somewhat larger in body weight. Thus, in the first lactation this advantage amounted to 9 kg, and in full-grown cows to 17 kg (P<0.05). Since Holstein cows significantly exceeded Alatau cows in milk yield per lactation, they also had a higher milk production coefficient: by 23.6% in the first lactation and by 25.4% in full-grown cows.

This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the productivity and economic indicators of geese of the Large Lion-Headed, Linda breeds, and their hybrid forms. The aim of this study is to assess the productivity of geese of the Large Lion-Headed and Linda breeds, as well as their hybrids, based on key indicators: live weight, survival rate, fertilization rate, and hatchability. The data obtained will help determine optimal ways to use these genotypes in practical goose breeding to increase production profitabil ity. Scientific studies to assess the productive qualities of geese were carried out under the production con ditions of LLC “Bashkirskaya Ptitsa”, located in the Blagovarsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Since 2019, the enterprise has been conducting breeding work with a unique waterfowl breed — the Large Lion-Headed goose — and has currently reached a breeding stock of over one thousand birds. During the re search, systematic monitoring of key productivity traits was carried out using generally accepted zootechnical methods. Survival rate assessment included daily recording of bird mortality, documentation of forced culling, and monitoring throughout the productive period. Growth dynamics were studied through monthly individual weighing of breeding birds and body weight registration. Reproductive traits were assessed by determining weighing of breeding birds and body weight registration. Reproductive traits were assessed by determining average egg production (eggs per bird) and calculating the egg-laying intensity index (ratio of egg mass to feed consumption). Incubation performance was evaluated using the VNIIP methodology and included fertil ization rate and chick hatchability percentage. The study covers the key aspects of egg and meat productivity, incubation quality, and the economic efficiency of breeding. Special attention is given to the evaluation of pro duction profitability under current market conditions. 

Improving the productive performance of commercial beef cattle obtained by crossbreeding locally improved cattle with purebred beef animals (Kazakh Whiteheaded, Hereford, Angus, etc.) will make it possible to increase beef production by enhancing the growth and development potential of crossbred ani mals and bringing them to a live weight of 420–450 kg or more at a young age. During the grazing period, the increase in the average daily weight gain of calves was achieved through supplementary feeding during the period of pasture burnout, which contributed to a more complete realization of their growth and development in the post-milk period. An analysis of research results in our country and abroad showed that increasing the quantity and quality of beef is possible through intensifying the use of dairy and dual-purpose (dairy-beef) fat tening cattle, as well as through the accelerated development of beef cattle breeding. Research results showed that Hereford cattle, when combined with various breeds, are characterized by a high degree of combining ability. Crossbreds with a proportion of Hereford blood surpass their maternal breed counterparts in terms of meat productivity indicators. Hereford cattle are used both in industrial crossbreeding and in the development of new breeds. In the experiment, growth and development of the bull calves were monitored through month ly weighing and determination of average daily gain. One of the key conditions for the normal development of young stock is a targeted feeding ration corresponding to different growth periods. Therefore, in order to assess the effect of feeding level on the growth energy of Hereford bull calves, studies were conducted under farm conditions. Hereford crossbreds exceeded their peers in slaughter weight by 22.2 kg (8.62 %), indicating their higher potential meat productivity.

 The article contains materials, artificial insemination, as one of the types of assisted repro
ductive technologies, has widespread use in dairy and beef cattle breeding. The same cannot be said about
such a promising area of the agricultural sector as goat breeding. One of the limiting factors is the negative
effect of low temperatures on the morphofunctional characteristics of the sperm cells of breeding goats. The
problem of accelerated reproduction of highly productive animals is gaining special priority, using modern
methods of reproduction biotechnology in practice, including obtaining and cryopreservation of seed from
producers and its use in artificial insemination of the breeding females. The introduction of artificial insemina
tion into the practice of farms and private farms will make it possible to widely use the seed of highly valuable
breeding producers, tested for the quality of offspring, reduce the spread of sexually transmitted infectious
diseases, control the timing of insemination, ensuring the birth of young animals in a favorable season. When
goat ejaculates were frozen and thawed in a new diluent with vitamin E, compared with other analogues, the
following results were obtained: sperm motility was 8 points, sperm concentration was 1.7±1.8 bn/ml; the mo
bility of thawed sperm is 5 points, the absolute survivability index is 93 %. The use of a classical medium with
the addition of vitamin E will increase the efficiency of using the gene pool of highly valuable breeding goats.

The article presents the results of a study on the live body weight and body measurements of the double-humped Kazakh Bactrian camel at the ages of 1, 6, 18, and 42 months, raised under the conditions of the “Kaskabulak” breeding farm in the Abai district of the Abai region. A comprehensive analysis of live weight and biometric indicators of camel offspring was conducted according to age. Index indicators characterizing the level of skeletal development, chest formation, and the proportionality and harmony of body con formation were determined. The double-humped Kazakh Bactrian camel raised in East Kazakhstan is characterized by early maturity, stable live weight gain, a strong constitution, and compliance with the requirements of modern camel husbandry. The data obtained prove the high adaptability of the Kazakh Bactrian to pastoral conditions and its genetic potential; thus, its cultivation is recommended for the natural and climatic zones of the Eastern region of Kazakhstan. A comparison of body measurements from one month to 42 months of age revealed that from one to six months, the height at the withers increased by 40.3 cm, diagonal body length by 34.4 cm, heart girth by 66.1 cm, and cannon bone circumference by 1.5 cm. Between six and 18 months, these measurements increased by 15.6, 11.0, 23.7, and 1.6 cm, respectively. From 18 to 42 months, they grew by 14.6, 18.8, 32.7, and 0.9 cm, respectively. The average daily weight gain of the calves in this farm was 1350.0 g in the first month and 685.3 g at six months, while it significantly decreased at 18 and 42 months to 337.8 g and 289.9 g, respectively. The recorded live weight indicators and primary zootechnical body measurements fully comply with the standards for the Kazakh Bactrian camel breed.

This scientific article presents a comprehensive study of meat productivity and meat quality indicators of lambs obtained from different sire lines of the Saryarka sheep breed. The study evaluated live weight, carcass and slaughter characteristics, tail fat and internal fat content, as well as the chemical, amino acid and vitamin composition of mutton, its microstructural features, and toxicological safety. The results demonstrated that meat productivity and quality parameters vary depending on the age of the lambs and the characteristics of the sire lines. In younger lambs, meat was characterized by well-developed muscle tissue, a lower proportion of connective tissue, and a balanced amino acid composition. With increasing age, a rise in fat content and a decrease in moisture content contributed to the higher energy value of the meat. Amino acid analysis confirmed the high biological value of mutton from lambs aged 4–7 months. Toxicological indicators complied with the permissible sanitary and hygienic standards. Overall, the findings indicate that lambs of the Saryarka sheep breed are capable of producing high-quality and environmentally safe meat.

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a drought-resistant C4 crop that demonstrates exceptional adaptability to arid and semi-arid climates. This article investigated the relationship between photosynthetic activity and yield performance in a global collection of 152 proso millet accessions from 21 countries, cultivated under field conditions for two consecutive years (2024–2025). The effective quantum yield of Photosystem II (Y(II)) was measured using a MINI-PAM-II fluorometer at three developmental stages (tillering, panicle emergence, and maturity) to evaluate how it affects yield. The results showed that in 2024, higher Y(II) values during panicle emergence and maturity correlated significantly with grain yield, while in 2025, yield was instead associated with photosynthetic activity during tillering. These year-to-year alterations possibly reflect varying meteorological conditions that impacted which developmental phase became critical for biomass accumulation. The analysis confirmed that while photosynthetic activity consistently influences yield, the phase-specific impact depends on environmental stress dynamics. This research highlights the value of Y(II) as a physiological trait for assessing stress adaptation and yield potential in proso millet and supports its role as a promising crop for climate-resilient agriculture in water-limited regions.

Ensuring food security is focused on the development of wheat cultivars characterized by high yield potential, resistance to phytopathogens, and tolerance to adverse abiotic environmental factors. In this context, breeding for disease resistance occupies a key position in modern breeding programs, as promising cultivars must combine high productivity with a complex of agronomically valuable traits that ensure yield stability and grain quality. In the southeastern region of Kazakhstan, winter wheat crops suffer significant damage from rust pathogens (Puccinia) and bunt (Tilletia). At the same time, the majority of the tested cultivars and breeding lines are susceptible to these pathogens. Therefore, the identification, evaluation and use of new sources of resistance remain urgent tasks in wheat breeding.

The aim of this study was to assess the resistance of winter wheat breeding lines to the major fungal diseases. Immunological evaluations were carried out under artificial infection conditions (N 43.238193°, E 76.696753°) at the experimental station of the Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing. The paper presents the results of phytopathological assessment of breeding material and the selection of resistant forms. As a result of the study, lines resistant (R) to yellow rust and common bunt were identified, representing valuable immunological material for further breeding. The combination of high productivity with disease resistance is considered a key factor in accelerating the development of competitive cultivars for grain-producing regions.

To improve wheat yield, it is crucial that varieties exhibit tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, as well as resistance to biotic threats, including leaf rust (Puccinia recondita). Leaf rust is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in Kazakhstan, causing yield losses of up to 40–60% during epidemic years, particularly in the northern and central regions. The aim of this study was to conduct a phytopathological assessment under natural field conditions to evaluate the resistance of 52 spring wheat lines cultivated in the Almaty region to leaf rust and drought stress.The phytopathological assessment revealed nine accessions exhibiting an immune reaction (IT-0) to leaf rust. These included the following genotypes: line 22 ChS, Lutescens 30, Lutescens KS 14/09-2, Lutescens 1300, Sibirskaya 21, OmGAU-100, Lutescens 3/04-21-11, Tyumenskaya Yubileynaya, Lutescens 443, and Silach. Based on biomass assessment, 38 accessions were selected with high normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values ranging from 0.55 to 0.69. Two accessions, Novosibirskaya 41 and Erythrospermum 24841, were distinguished by early heading. Structural analysis identified seven accessions with greater plant height (75–85 cm). Spike length measurements showed that three accessions had spike lengths exceeding 10 cm. Seventeen accessions were characterized by a high number of spikelets per spike, contributing to the formation of large spikes. Based on the number of grains per main spike, 20 accessions showed average values, while 23 accessions exhibited a high grain number. Thirteen accessions demonstrated the highest grain weight per main spike, exceeding 1 g. The maximum thousand-kernel weight (42 g) was recorded in the wheat accession Stepnaya 245. Overall, the results indicate that under the conditions of the Almaty region, the majority of spring wheat accessions are susceptible to leaf rust. Therefore, the use of leaf rust-resistant accessions is recommended for wheat production.

The article presents the results of a study aimed at optimizing the biotechnology of micro clonal propagation of three varieties of Fragaria × ananassa in order to obtain healthy, virus-free planting ma terial. The novelty of the study lies in the development of an integrated biotechnological approach to obtaining virus-free strawberry planting material using a new synergistic combination of metabolically active addi tives-proline, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ascorbic acid. The proposed strategy reduces stress responses in explants during early cultivation stages, enhances energy metabolism and stabilizes meristem cells, in creasing micropropagation rate and regenerative capacity compared to traditional protocols. This combination was first applied to improve the morphogenetic activity of strawberry explants and demonstrated a sustained 30–45 % increase in reproduction rate depending on genotype. Methodologically, the study included stages of sterilization, regeneration, proliferation, and rooting of apical meristems. It was found that a five-minute treat ment with a 0.1 % sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution provides an optimal balance between sterilizations efficiency and tissue survival, reducing the contamination level to 25–35 % with meristem viability of 65–75 %. The addition of ascorbic acid (10 mg/L) prevented phenolic darkening of the meristems. The inclusion of proline and ATP contributed to an increase in the length of micro-rosettes and the reproduction coefficient: in Malwina variety – from 1:11 to 1:16, in Black Prince variety – from 1:7 to 1:11, and in the Sabrina variety – from 1:3 to 1:4. Molecular biological analysis using RT-PCR confirmed the absence of SVBV, SCV, SMoV, SPaV and BPYV viruses, indicating a high degree of recovery of the material obtained. In conclusion, it has been established that the proposed microclonal propagation protocol increases the regenerative capacity of meristems, accelerates the production of virus-free plants, and is recommended for industrial production of strawberry seedlings.

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is the primary crop used for pasta production and is characterized by high levels of essential nutrients and carotenoid pigments (antioxidants). Improving grain quality traits has become increasingly important in light of traditional breeding programs focused predominantly on enhancing yield and tolerance to environmental stresses. Interspecific hybridization expands the genetic base of breeding material and enables the development of cultivars that combine high productivity with superior technological properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical characteristics of interspecific tetraploid wheat hybrids for their potential use in breeding programs. The study assessed productivity parameters, biochemical traits, and electrophoretic profiles of the hybrids and their parental genotypes. All evaluated samples showed a significant advantage over the standard cultivar in the number of kernels per main spike and grain mass per plant, while grain test weight and protein content varied considerably, indicating the superiority of certain hybrids. The carotenoid pigment content exceeded the threshold required to form the desirable golden-yellow color of pasta, with lighter color characteristics associated with higher b* values. Analysis of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits revealed heterozygosity in the hybrids, the presence of specific subunits in Triticum turanicum, and a predominance of a “wild-type profile” in hybrids involving wild tetraploid forms. Based on a complex assessment of biochemical and technological traits, two promising lines were identified: 202/24 (T. turanicum × Durofinus (T. durum Desf.)) and 205/24 (Durofinus (T. durum Desf.) × Damsinskaya 90 (T. durum Desf.)), which are recommended for further breeding applications.

Introduction. The significant reduction of orchards in recent decades is associated with the impact of unfavorable abiotic factors and the spread of bacterial pathogens, leading to a considerable decline in pear cultivar diversity. The rapid introduction of resistant cultivars and rootstocks into commercial horticulture is constrained by the limited availability of high-quality planting material. Methods. This study presents the results of clonal micropropagation of the seedling pear rootstock Pyrus pyraster and clonal rootstocks OHxF230 and OHxF69 . An optimal explant sterilization protocol ensuring high survival during the establishment of aseptic culture was developed. The effects of different concentrations of nitrogen salts (NH₄NO₃ and KNO₃) and plant growth regulators (BAP, IBA, GA₃) on shoot proliferation were evaluated. Results. Sterilization of Pyrus pyraster explants with 0.2 % HgCl₂ for 4 min resulted in the highest shoot regeneration rate (78.57 %), whereas shorter exposure increased contamination levels. The highest multiplication efficiency was achieved on a medium containing 75 % of the standard nitrate salt concentration supplemented with 0.8 mg L⁻¹ BAP, 0.5 mg L⁻¹ GA₃, and 0.1 mg L⁻¹ IBA. In contrast, a higher BAP concentration (1.8 mg L⁻¹) combined with reduced nitrogen levels decreased proliferation efficiency, particularly in Pyrus pyraster. However, a relatively high multiplication coefficient (2.67 ± 1.15) was observed for OHxF230 . Conclusions. The results demonstrate the potential to optimize in vitro culture conditions to enhance the efficiency of pear rootstock micropropagation and can be applied to the development of biotechnological propagation protocols.

The article discusses the issues of establishing and refining the boundaries of administrative-territorial units and settlements within rural districts using modern geodetic and navigation technologies. Based on the example of the village of Kaskat in the Kostanay region, an analysis of existing cartographic and cadastral data was carried out, revealing discrepancies between actual and regulatory land boundaries. To improve accuracy, both office and field works were conducted using GNSS equipment, including the determination of turning point coordinates, installation of boundary markers, and visualization of boundaries on the ground. The processing of coordinates made it possible to assess the errors of traditional methods and confirm the effectiveness of satellite-based measurements in ensuring high accuracy of land management works. The obtained results demonstrate the practical significance of GNSS technologies in reducing land disputes, improving cadastral data reliability, and enhancing the system of territorial planning. The study proposes an integrated approach that combines field geodetic measurements with cadastral and cartographic data, contributing to the rational use of land resources and the development of digital infrastructure for territorial management.

The article presents the scientific principles of conducting the main processes in land management. Land management is a socioeconomic process that involves the purposeful organization of land for production, the establishment of procedures for land use and protection, and the implementation of relevant measures by land users. The scientific novelty of this article is an important lever for the state in the implementation of land policy, land use management and regulation of land relations. The distribution of land between branches of industry (industry, transport, agriculture, urban development, energy, etc.), the provision of land plots to citizens, enterprises, organizations, institutions and their withdrawal, as well as the distribution of land plots between landowners and land users are carried out. Agricultural enterprises organized on the basis of land, under conditions of proper organization of the dominant economic and natural territory and rational use of land, have higher indicators of economic development than others. In order to improve the validity and effectiveness of land management, all activities related to the redistribution, transfer and seizure of land, the creation of new and the reorganization of existing agricultural enterprises, the organization of rational use and protection of land, are carried out on the basis of land management projects. The main goal is to maximize the satisfaction of the economic interests of landowners and land users, and to maximize the full and efficient use of the production potential of farms and the lands assigned to them, while adhering to strict environmental requirements and special land use regimes. It was necessary to consider not only economic but also, above all, environmental conditions, which significantly changed the methodology and sequence of land management.

The development of a digital cartographic framework (DCF) is a fundamental prerequisite for the creation of information and assessment maps intended for territorial analysis and decision support. This paper focuses on the methodological aspects of forming a digital cartographic framework for the territory of East Kazakhstan Region using topographic maps and satellite remote sensing data. The study considers the full technological cycle of DCF development, including data collection, preprocessing, spatial analysis, vectorization, visualization, and integration of thematic layers.

Topographic maps at a scale of 1:200 000 were used as the primary cartographic basis, providing consistent spatial coverage of the study area. To update and refine thematic layers, satellite imagery from Sentinel-1 (SAR) and Sentinel-2 (multispectral) with a spatial resolution of 10 m was applied. The integration of optical and radar data made it possible to improve the accuracy of mapping natural and anthropogenic features, including hydrographic networks, vegetation cover, transport infrastructure, and settlement boundaries.

Georeferencing and vectorization of cartographic materials were performed in the ArcMap 10.8 GIS environment. As a result, an integrated digital cartographic framework was created, ensuring spatial consistency and compatibility of raster and vector data. The results demonstrate that the use of modern GIS and remote sensing technologies significantly enhances the accuracy, relevance, and analytical potential of information and assessment maps. The developed framework can be effectively applied for environmental monitoring, territorial planning, and sustainable management of natural resources.

This article focuses on the study of agricultural land in the Almaty Region using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The research analyzes the dynamics of the regional land fund for the period from 2019 to 2023, including changes resulting from the administrative division of the Almaty Region into the Almaty and Zhetysu regions in 2022.
Special attention is given to the application of GIS technologies for land resource monitoring and management, as well as for analyzing crop productivity. The article presents maps and diagrams illustrating the distribution of cultivated areas and crop yields across the districts of the region.
A SWOT analysis was conducted to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the regional agricultural sector, as well as opportunities and threats for its further development. Based on the results obtained, recommendations for the sustainable use of land resources are proposed, including the implementation of modern technologies, development of irrigation infrastructure, and measures aimed at preserving soil fertility. The findings highlight the importance of GIS technologies in improving agricultural efficiency and ensuring regional food security.

In the arid climate of Kazakhstan's southern regions, the development of pasture livestock farming directly depends on a stable water supply. Groundwater, as a more reliable source than surface water, plays a key role in meeting the drinking needs of livestock and farm staff due to climate change and anthropogenic factors, as well as the problem posed by the transboundary Ili River. The Ili River flows through two countries, the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan. This article examines the results of hydrogeological studies conducted in the Almaty region aimed at assessing the condition and potential of groundwater in the context of pastureland flooding. An analysis of groundwater quality, salinity, and flow rates was conducted in various geological settings—foothill plains, sandy massifs, and intermontane basins. Field surveys included sampling from existing wells and boreholes, assessing the deterioration of water intake structures, and mapping water points.

The results revealed the presence of significant fresh and slightly brackish groundwater resources, suitable for livestock farming, among other needs. However, critical degradation of the water supply infrastructure was identified: most wells require reconstruction, and the level of mechanization remains low, as almost all hydrogeological wells were drilled during the Soviet era. Measures are proposed to restore and modernize the irrigation system based on up-to-date data, including the introduction of innovative technologies and enhanced interdepartmental cooperation. Government subsidies for agriculture, including drilling new hydrogeological wells, reach up to 70%. The need to restore water intake structures and implement modern approaches to groundwater management for the sustainable development of pasture-based livestock farming is substantiated.

В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы применения инновационных методов восстановления деградированных сельскохозяйственных земель Алматинской области, характеризующейся высокой антропогенной нагрузкой и уязвимостью почвенного покрова к деградационным процессам. Актуальность исследования обусловлена устойчивым снижением плодородия земель, развитием водной и ветровой эрозии, вторичным засолением орошаемых угодий и ухудшением агроэкологического состояния почв в условиях интенсификации сельскохозяйственного производства. Целью исследования является обоснование эффективности использования современных инновационных подходов к восстановлению деградированных земель с учетом природно-климатических и почвенных особенностей Алматинской области. В работе использованы методы аналитического обзора, сравнительного анализа и обобщения научных данных, а также материалы региональных исследований в области почвоведения и землепользования. В статье проанализированы основные причины деградации сельскохозяйственных земель, включая нарушение севооборотов, несбалансированное применение агротехнологий, снижение содержания органического вещества в почве и влияние климатических факторов. Особое внимание уделено биологическим методам восстановления почв, применению сидеральных культур, микробиологических препаратов и органических удобрений, а также внедрению ресурсосберегающих агротехнологий. Рассмотрены возможности использования цифровых и геоинформационных технологий для мониторинга состояния земельных ресурсов, оценки степени деградации и планирования восстановительных мероприятий. Показано, что комплексное применение инновационных методов способствует повышению устойчивости агроландшафтов, улучшению физико-химических свойств почв и стабилизации сельскохозяйственного производства. Сделан вывод о целесообразности интеграции научно обоснованных инновационных решений в практику землепользования региона с целью восстановления плодородия почв, рационального использования земельных ресурсов и обеспечения экологической устойчивости аграрного сектора. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке региональных программ устойчивого землепользования, а также в деятельности сельскохозяйственных предприятий и научно-исследовательских организаций.

The article discusses one of the tasks of designing a mobile installation for cleaning and disinfecting mine wells – the development of design documentation for the manufacture of a new, effective type of experimental mobile installation based on a high-terrain vehicle, which will perform all technological processes using progressive hydraulic and grappling methods for removing sediments and foreign objects.

The authors have prepared a schematic diagram of an experimental sample of a mobile installation for cleaning and disinfection of mine wells and maintenance of water-lifting equipment ОДШК-30 and basic diagrams of the main components performing technological operations during cleaning of mine wells from sediments and foreign objects and prevention (disinfection) of a water source, watering point and maintenance of water-lifting equipment, as well as the device and technological process.

The article was prepared as part of a grant financing project in a priority area of science development: Sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex.

The stages and stages of development of design documentation for an experimental sample of a mobile installation for cleaning and disinfection of mine wells and maintenance of water lifting equipment correspond to the tasks set. Control over the manufacture and acceptance of design documentation for a mobile installation for cleaning and disinfection of mine wells and maintenance of ОДШК-30 water lifting equipment was carried out according to the act of completed work.

It is known that in modern conditions, in order to ensure the country's food security and increase competitiveness in the domestic market, the requirements for grain quality of the most popular domestic rice varieties are significantly increased. Given the access to foreign markets, it is necessary to improve new regional technologies and working parts involved in harvesting with optimal parameters and improved performance characteristics, in particular, it is important to improve the technology of uniform distribution of rice biomass in the inclined chamber of the combine.

The object of the study is the passage of the mown mass of rice through an inclined chamber before entering the threshing machine during rice harvesting by a combine harvester. The experimental laboratory setup is designed to determine the rice biomass leveling coefficient. The rice biomass is fixed vertically with a retainer, and using a meter ruler, the initial coordinates of the colored stems are measured relative to the axis of the inclined chamber along the frame. The biomass is then fed into an inclined chamber with a spacer and a corrugated leveler.

Experimental statistical methods are widely used both in science and in industry for various purposes. Within the framework of this task, the concept of a "black box" was used to study the rice biomass equalization system, which operates according to a complex and insufficiently studied mechanism.

Despite the possibility of direct and separate combine harvesters, combine technology does not completely solve the problem without loss of rice harvesting.

To equalize rice biomass, a model for optimizing the main parameters of the device (4)–(5) was obtained, which belongs to the class of multi-criteria problems of nonlinear mathematical programming.

This paper presents a study of the process of transportation of crushed green mass during vacuum sealing in soft containers on a mobile transport and tractor unit.

The aim of the study was to increase the efficiency of transportation of crushed green pulp by comparing the traditional method of transportation using a tractor trailer and the innovative vacuum method using soft containers of the «Big Bag» type. The paper carried out theoretical and experimental calculations of transport operation indicators, determined the actual transportation distances using geoinformation applications, and analyzed the density of silage under various transportation methods. The research methods were field tests during mass transportation in the traditional way and in evacuated containers, calculations of the coefficients of use of working time, mileage, load capacity and technical speed of vehicles. The results showed that the use of the vacuum sealing method increases the density of the crushed mass to 800-850 kg/m³, which makes it possible to use the trailer's load capacity by almost 100% versus 68% for traditional transportation. However, the evacuation time increases the duration of the transportation cycle. It is concluded that the vacuum technology of feed transportation helps to reduce losses, save costs by up to 20% and improve the quality of harvested silage, provided that the organizational and technological disadvantages of this method are eliminated.

Alternariosis, caused by fungi of the genus Alternaria, has in recent years become one of the most widespread and economically significant diseases of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). The disease poses a serious threat to commercial apple production, leading to yield losses and deterioration of fruit quality. Despite the widespread occurrence of the disease in apple orchards of Kazakhstan, the resistance level of domestic and foreign apple cultivars to the causal agent of alternariosis remains insufficiently investigated. Therefore, a comparative assessment of cultivar diversity in terms of resistance to this phytopathogen is of considerable scientific and practical relevance.

The present study presents the results of evaluating the resistance of 23 domestic and foreign apple cultivars to alternariosis under natural epiphytotic conditions in southeastern Kazakhstan over two growing seasons. A clear differentiation among cultivars in disease severity was established. Cultivars characterized by relative resistance and of practical importance for breeding programs and commercial apple production were identified. According to the results, eight apple cultivars, including three developed by domestic breeding programs, were classified as having increased resistance (score 2, disease severity 1–10%), while fifteen cultivars were assigned to the moderately resistant group (score 3, 11–25%). No susceptible cultivars were identified under the conditions of this study.

This paper presents the results of comprehensive research into the development and optimization of process parameters for the pasteurization and fermentation of camel milk for the production of the functional fermented milk drink «Shalap.» The relevance of the study lies in the unique biochemical composition of camel milk, which surpasses cow’s milk in vitamin, microelement, and protein content, but requires specific processing approaches due to its high heat sensitivity. During the experimental study, a comparative analysis of various heat treatment regimens was conducted. It was found that the optimal pasteurization regimen is heating to 72°C with a 15-minute hold. This parameter ensures the required level of microbiological safety (reduction of total microbial count to <10³ CFU/ml) while maximizing the preservation of biologically active substances, in particular vitamin C (preservation up to 92 %). Particular attention was paid to selecting effective starter cultures for fermentation. Experimental studies have proven that using a combined starter culture consisting of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus produce a product with harmonious organoleptic properties and a stable structure. Optimal fermentation conditions were determined at 42°C for 6 hours, which ensures an active acidity of pH 4.3 and titratable acidity in the range of 90–100°T. The developed technology includes a maturation stage at 4°C and subsequent mixing with carbonated water (20–30 %), which imparts the drink’s characteristic refreshing properties. The finished product is characterized by high probiotic value (lactic acid bacteria content ≥ 1×10⁸ CFU/ml) and shelf stability for up to 5 days.