THE INFLUENCE OF THE FERTILIZER SYSTEM ON BIOMETRIC INDICATORS AND POTATO YIELDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTH-EAST KAZAKHSTAN

The article presents the results of studies of the effect of fertilizers on biometric indicators and potato yields. In field experiments with foreign potato varieties and the local standard variety Tien Shan, it was found that applying fertilizers to the soil for potatoes helps to increase the height of the plant, the number of stems and leaves, as well as the number of tubers per bush.

The highest indicators of the habitus of potato plants were noted in the experimental variants with the application of high rates of mineral fertilizers (N₂₂₅P₁₃₅K₁₈₀) and the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers (N₁₉₀P₁₁₀K₁₅₀ + manure, 40 t/ha). Thus, the height of the plant in these variants was 67-82 cm, the number of stems was 5.3-6.1 pieces, the number of leaves was 116-145 pieces, the number of tubers was 11.6-14.7 pieces per bush.

The formation of a powerfully developed biomass of potato plants contributed to obtaining higher yields of tubers compared to the control (without fertilizers). On average, over 2 years of research, the yield of potato tubers in the variants with fertilizer application was 26.0-38.4 t/ha, which is 39.46-66.53% higher than the control.

Among the potato varieties in terms of productivity, the varieties Aladin and Innovator were the most responsive to fertilizers. The yield of these varieties in the variants with fertilizer application was 33.5-40.8 t/ha and 31.8-38.4 t/ha, respectively, which is higher than the control by 54.69-66.53% and 37.07-65 .52%.

Thus, research results indicate that applying fertilizers to the soil for potatoes is an effective way to increase its productivity. In this case, the most effective are high rates of mineral fertilizers (N₂₂₅P₁₃₅K₁₈₀) and the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers (N₁₉₀P₁₁₀K₁₅₀ + manure, 40 t/ha).