ISSUES OF DETERMINING DISPUTED KINSHIP IN FARM ANIMALS AND THEIR APPLIED SIGNIFICANCE IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM

The imperfection of the legislative system in determining kinship in farm animals opens loopholes for abuse. This fully concerns technical regulation in the field of forensic molecular genetic examination, where the legal status and fate of specific people ultimately depends on the perfection of the standardization system. Currently, there are only disparate and often inconsistent internal regulations on this issue, such as guidelines, recommendations and instructions, some of which are fairly criticized. In most of the "Methodological guidelines" there are numerous contradictions, inaccuracies, ambiguous instructions that allow opposite interpretations, incomplete explanations, which is unacceptable for management, which is considered as a legal document. These issues can become decisive in court if they agree or disagree with the results of DNA examination. Such shortcomings can significantly affect the quality of forensic genetic examination and lead to the appointment of additional or repeated examination. The requirements established by regulatory documents for standardization should be based on modern achievements of science, technology and technology, international (regional) standards, rules, norms and recommendations for standardization, progressive national standards of other states. 

In this regard, it is difficult to overstate the timeliness of the publication of the "International Recommendations for Standards of Paternity Verification," which are prepared by a large team of the Paternity Verification Commission at the International Society for Forensic Genetics. It is noteworthy that the basic principle that guided the Commission was taken as the basis for the international standard ISO 17025:1999 "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories". The peculiarity of ISO standards is that when applying them in specific areas, the introduction of additional "instructions for use" is allowed, unless they in no way change the meaning of any of the paragraphs of the original text.