КЛОПЫ-ЧЕРЕПАШКИ В ПОСЕВАХ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ И МЕРЫ БОРЬБЫ С ВРЕДИТЕЛЯМИ

Курбанмурат Ягшиев; Х Ходжадурдыев

doi:10.37884/03-1-2025/06

Abstract

The development of sustainable agriculture in Turkmenistan involves implementing water- and resource-saving technologies, digital mapping of agrochemical soil conditions, and introducing resistant high-yield winter wheat varieties. A critical component is effective protection from pests, especially the tortoise bug (Eurygaster integriceps), which can cause significant crop losses if not controlled. This study presents results from field research aimed at biological and chemical pest management strategies. A detailed breeding calendar of the tortoise bug was developed and is now actively used by agricultural specialists. The pest's life cycle, feeding behavior, and economic impact are outlined, including quantitative assessments of damage during various wheat growth stages. Effective countermeasures—such as timely harvesting, crop rotation, biological control agents like Trissolcus grandis, and selective pesticide use—are evaluated. Our results confirm that integrated pest management combining entomophages and modern agronomic practices leads to a healthier, more productive crop. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research and wider application of biological controls in Turkmenistan’s agriculture.

tortoise bug winter wheat pest control biological agents Trissolcus grandis entomophages agroecology crop protection

01 Introduction

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02 References

1. Беркарар döwletiň täze eýýamynyň Galkynyşy: Türkmenistany 2022 – 2052-nji ýyllarda durmuş-ykdysady taýdan ösdürmegiň Milli maksatnamasy. – Aşgabat: TDNG, 2022.
2. Söýünow O., Tokgaýew T., Durdyýew S. Oba hojalyk entomologiýasy. Ýokary okuw mekdepleri üçin okuw kitaby. – Aşgabat: TDNG, 2013.
3. Бей-Биенко Г.Я. Общая энтомология. – Москва: Колос, 1980.
4. Radjabi G. Sunn Pest and Its Control in Iran. – Tehran: Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 2000. – 234 p.
5. Ghavami S., Safavi S.A., Moharramipour S. Effect of temperature on development and reproduction of Trissolcus grandis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid of Eurygaster integriceps. // Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2009. – Vol. 19(4). – P. 387–398. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150902783648.
6. Critchley B.R. Biology, ecology and management of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), a serious pest of small grain cereals: a review. // Bulletin of Entomological Research, 1998. – Vol. 88(5). – P. 465–478. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300036362.
7. Öncüer C. Insect pests of cereal crops and their natural enemies in Turkey. // Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2005. – Vol. 29(2). – P. 83–91.
8. Vasilyeva T.V., Yegorov A.B. Role of biological control agents in integrated pest management of wheat pests. // Zashchita i Karantin Rasteniy (Plant Protection and Quarantine), 2021. – №9. – С. 35–38.
9. Kaya H.K., Lacey L.A. Entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria: Biology and use in integrated pest management. – Dordrecht: Springer, 2007. – 524 p.
10. Alizadeh A., Samih M.A., Namvar P. Evaluation of efficacy of Beauveria bassiana against overwintered adults of sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps, under field conditions. // Journal of Crop Protection, 2013. – Vol. 2(3). – P. 325–331.

Citation Links

[1]2025. TORTOISE BUGS IN WINTER WHEAT AND PEST CONTROL. Izdenister natigeler. 03-1(special) (Oct. 2025). DOI:https://doi.org/10.37884/03-1-2025/06.

(1)TORTOISE BUGS IN WINTER WHEAT AND PEST CONTROL. Izdenister natigeler 2025, No. 03-1(special). https://doi.org/10.37884/03-1-2025/06.

TORTOISE BUGS IN WINTER WHEAT AND PEST CONTROL. (2025). Izdenister Natigeler, 03-1(special). https://doi.org/10.37884/03-1-2025/06

TORTOISE BUGS IN WINTER WHEAT AND PEST CONTROL. Izdenister natigeler, [S. l.], n. 03-1(special), 2025. DOI: 10.37884/03-1-2025/06. Disponível em: https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1029. Acesso em: 15 sep. 2026.

“TORTOISE BUGS IN WINTER WHEAT AND PEST CONTROL”. 2025. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 03-1(special) (October). https://doi.org/10.37884/03-1-2025/06.

“TORTOISE BUGS IN WINTER WHEAT AND PEST CONTROL” (2025) Izdenister natigeler [Preprint], (03-1(special). doi:10.37884/03-1-2025/06.

[1]“TORTOISE BUGS IN WINTER WHEAT AND PEST CONTROL”, Izdenister natigeler, no. 03-1, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.37884/03-1-2025/06.

“TORTOISE BUGS IN WINTER WHEAT AND PEST CONTROL”. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 03-1(special), Oct. 2025, https://doi.org/10.37884/03-1-2025/06.

“TORTOISE BUGS IN WINTER WHEAT AND PEST CONTROL”. Izdenister natigeler, no. 03-1(special) (October 15, 2025). Accessed September 15, 2026. https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1029.

1.TORTOISE BUGS IN WINTER WHEAT AND PEST CONTROL. Izdenister natigeler [Internet]. 2025 Oct. 15 [cited 2026 Sep. 15];(03-1(special). Available from: https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1029

1.TORTOISE BUGS IN WINTER WHEAT AND PEST CONTROL. Izdenister natigeler. 2025;(03-1(special). doi:10.37884/03-1-2025/06

[1] 1. Беркарар döwletiň täze eýýamynyň Galkynyşy: Türkmenistany 2022 – 2052-nji ýyllarda durmuş-ykdysady taýdan ösdürmegiň Milli maksatnamasy. – Aşgabat: TDNG, 2022.

[2] 2. Söýünow O., Tokgaýew T., Durdyýew S. Oba hojalyk entomologiýasy. Ýokary okuw mekdepleri üçin okuw kitaby. – Aşgabat: TDNG, 2013.

[3] 3. Бей-Биенко Г.Я. Общая энтомология. – Москва: Колос, 1980.

[4] 4. Radjabi G. Sunn Pest and Its Control in Iran. – Tehran: Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 2000. – 234 p.

[5] 5. Ghavami S., Safavi S.A., Moharramipour S. Effect of temperature on development and reproduction of Trissolcus grandis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid of Eurygaster integriceps. // Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2009. – Vol. 19(4). – P. 387–398. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583150902783648.

[6] 6. Critchley B.R. Biology, ecology and management of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), a serious pest of small grain cereals: a review. // Bulletin of Entomological Research, 1998. – Vol. 88(5). – P. 465–478. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300036362.

[7] 7. Öncüer C. Insect pests of cereal crops and their natural enemies in Turkey. // Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2005. – Vol. 29(2). – P. 83–91.

[8] 8. Vasilyeva T.V., Yegorov A.B. Role of biological control agents in integrated pest management of wheat pests. // Zashchita i Karantin Rasteniy (Plant Protection and Quarantine), 2021. – №9. – С. 35–38.

[9] 9. Kaya H.K., Lacey L.A. Entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria: Biology and use in integrated pest management. – Dordrecht: Springer, 2007. – 524 p.

[10] 10. Alizadeh A., Samih M.A., Namvar P. Evaluation of efficacy of Beauveria bassiana against overwintered adults of sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps, under field conditions. // Journal of Crop Protection, 2013. – Vol. 2(3). – P. 325–331.