Login | Register
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University ISSN 2304-3334 (Print)  ·  ISSN 2304-3334 (Online)
submit an article
Menu
submit an article
AGRICULTURE MECHANIZATION AND ELECTRIFICATION

THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A SYMMETRICAL DIAMOND-SHAPED BLADE

Beket Nuralin 1 , Sergey Oleinikov 1 , Ivan Pavlov 2 , Manarbek Galiev 1 , Yernazar Janaliev 1

1 NJSC «West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir khan», Uralsk, Kazakhstan; 2 Saratov State Technical University named after Yuri Gagarin, Saratov, Russia

doi.org/10.37884/2-2026/18 pp. 211-224 Admitted 13.03.2026 Published 30.04.2026

Abstract

Introduction. When cultivating crops, plowing the soil with dump plows is the main technological operation. The disadvantages are low productivity, high energy consumption and uneven field surface. Materials and methods. The plows are equipped with cultured dumps with an elongated wing, cutting off a rectangular layer of soil. The guns have a high traction resistance and a low coefficient of travel. Theoretical studies have established the advantages of a diamond-shaped blade separating a diamond-shaped formation and a complete revolution without the impact of a blade wing. Results and discussion. The installation of a symmetrical diamond-shaped blade on rotary plows allows the unit to shuttle in two modes, provides smooth plowing, increases the utilization rate of the working stroke, productivity, reduces fuel consumption, reduces traction resistance and weight of the plow. Experimental studies have shown that a plough with diamond-shaped working bodies is not inferior to the usual one in terms of crumbling, degree and depth of embedding of plant residues on old arable soils, the combiness has decreased, and the flatness of the arable land surface has increased. The traction resistance of the diamond-shaped plough has decreased by 10% compared to the serial one. Conclusions.  Symmetrical, shortened diamond-shaped dumps have a crumbling degree of 77...80%, and changes in the speed of movement of the unit have little effect on the degree of soil crumbling. They can reduce the distances between the working bodies, the size of the plow, and increase productivity by up to 30%.

Stroke utilization rate, specific energy consumption, productivity, diamond-shaped blade, rotary plow, smooth plowing.

01 Introduction

The full text of the article is available for download in PDF format on the right panel.

02 References

  1. Anderson M.J.& Whitcomb P.J. (2016). RSM Simplified: Optimizing Processes Using Response Surface Methods for Design of Experiments. — New York, NY, USA: Second Edition. — Productivity Press, 2016. 311 p. ISBN: 978-1498745987. https://sciarium.com/file/254890/
  2. Baumhardt R.L., Jones O.R. & Schwartz R.C. (2008). Long-term effects of profile-modifying deep plowing on soil properties and crop yield // Soil Science Society of America Journal. 72 (3). Рp. 677–682. https://www.sci-hub.ru/10.2136/sssaj2007.0122
  3. Belousov S.V. & Trubilin E.I. (2016). E`ksperimental`noe issledovanie tyagovogo soprotivleniya lemeshnogo pluga [Experimental study of the traction resistance of a ploughshare] // Aktual`ny`e problemy` nauchno-texnicheskogo progressa v APK. Sbornik nauchny`x statej XII Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. — Stavropol`. 2016. Рр.23–29. https://elibrary.ru/vqvwwh [in Russ.]
  4. D`yachenko G.N. & Antibas I. (2003). Xarakter peremeshheniya pochvy` po poverxnosti klinovogo rabochego organa [The nature of soil movement along the surface of the wedge-shaped working body // Vestnik DGTU. Rostov na Donu. 2003. T.3. № 1. Рр. 53–60. [in Russ.] https://rucont.ru/efd/214034
  5. Eroxin V.I. & Novikov V.S. (2005). O sovershenstvovanii konstruktivny`x parametrov organov pluga [On improving the design parameters of plow bodies] / Fgou VPO MGAU. —M.: 2005. №1. Рр.25–31. [in Russ.]
  6. Ferreira S.L.C. et al., (2007). Box-Behnken design: An alternative for the optimization of analytical methods. Analytica Chimica Acta. Vol. 597. No. 2. Рp. 179–186, Aug. 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.011.
  7. Kapov S.N. (1999). Mexaniko-texnologicheskie osnovy` razrabotki e`nergosberegayushhix pochvoobrabaty`vayushhix mashin [The mechanical and technological foundations of the development of energy-efficient tillage machines]. Diss. dokt. texn. nauk. — Chelyabinsk, 1999, 355 р. [in Russ.] https://www.dissercat.com/content/mekhaniko-tekhnologicheskie-osnovy-razrabotki-energosberegayushchikhpochvoobrabatyvayushchi
  8. Kuz`min D.E. & Chupin P.V. (2018). Sravnitel`ny`j analiz vidov otval`noj vspashki po forme otrezaemogo plasta [Comparative analysis of types of dump plowing according to the shape of the cut-off layer] // E`lektron. nauch. metod. zhurn. Omskogo GAU. № 2(13). 2018. 6 р. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/ WOS:000520778100001 [in Russ.]
  9. Kostyuchenkov N.V. & Plaksin A.M. (2010). E`kspluatacionny`e svojstva mobil`ny`x agregatov [Operational properties of mobile units]// Uchebnoe posobie. — Astana: KATU, 2010. 204 р. https://t.eruditor.one/file/866268/ [in Russ.]
  10. Kuz`min D.E., Birkov S.V. & Ishutko A.S. (2018). Pokazateli i opredelenie kachestva vspashki [Indicators and determination of plowing quality] // Razvitie nauki i texnika: mexanizm vy`bora i realizacii prioritetov: Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. (22.03.2018, g. Samara). V 3 ch. Ch. 2. Sterlitamak. Рр. 161–163. [in Russ.]
  11. Kasimova R.M., Mixov M.Ya. & Adil`sheev A.S. (2021). Pokazateli kompleksnoj ocenki kombinirovannoj sel`skoxozyajstvennoj mashiny` [Indicators of comprehensive assessment of a combined agricultural machine] // Іzdenіster, nәtizheler – Issledovaniya, rezul`taty`. — A., № 4 (92) (2021). Рр.87–95. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2021/10. [in Russ.]
  12. Lavruxin V.A. & Moxirev E.V. (2001). Vliyanie krivizny` kry`la otvala na kruchenie plasta pri paxote [The effect of the curvature of the blade wing on the torsion of the formation during plowing] // Materialy` nauch.konf. — Azovo-Chernomor.gos. agroinzh.akad. Zernograd. 2001.Vy`Р.2. Р. 66. [in Russ.]
  13. Mezhgosudarstvenny`j standart GOST 33736-2016 (2017). «Texnika sel`skoxozyajstvennaya. Mashiny` dlya glubokoj obrabotki pochvy`.Metody` ispy`tanij». — M., FGUP «Standartinform». 2017: 39 р. https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data2/1/4293746/4293746702.pdf [in Russ.]
  14. Mudarisov S.G. (2007). Povy`shenie kachestva obrabotki pochvy` putyom sovershenstvovaniya rabochix organov mashin na osnove modelirovaniya texnologicheskogo processa [Improving the quality of tillage by improving the working bodies of machines based on process modeling]: dissertaciya na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni doktora texnicheskix nauk / Chelyabinsk, 2007. 320 р. https://www.dissercat.com/content/povyshenie-kachestva-obrabotki-pochvy-putem-sovershenstvovaniya-rabochikh-organov-mashin-na- [in Russ.]
  15. Milyutkin V.A. (1978). Vliyanie parametrov i skorosti dvizheniya rabochego organa na process razrusheniya pochvennogo plasta [Influence of parameters and speed of movement of the working body on the process of destruction of the soil layer] / Tr.VIM, t.82. — M., 1978. Рр. 67–76. [in Russ.]
  16. Mamedova L.V. (1985). Obosnovanie parametrov i razrabotka lemeshno-otval`noj poverxnosti korpusa pluga dlya kul`turnoj vspashki na povy`shenny`x skorostyax [Justification of the parameters and development of the ploughshare-blade surface of the plough body for cultural plowing at increased speeds]: dissertaciya na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni doktora texnicheskix nauk / —M.,1985. 170 р. [in Russ.]
  17. Nuralin B.N., Galiev M.S., Konstantinov M.M. & Kalimullin A.M. (2019). Obosnovanie e`ffektivnosti gladkoj vspashki povorotny`m plugom [Justification of the effectiveness of smooth plowing with a rotary plow] / Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosagrouniversiteta. — Orenburg, 2019. № 3. Рр.147–150. [in Russ.] https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=39200851
  18. Nuralin B.N., Konstantinov M.M., Olejnikov S.V., Galiev M.S., Kuxta V.S. & Nұralin A.Zh. (2020). [Working body for rotary plough for basic tillage]. Rabochij organ k povorotnomu plugu dlya osnovnoj obrabotki pochvy`. Patent na poleznuyu model` №5143 KZ. Registr. Nomer zayavki 2020/0191.2. Data podachi zayavki 24.02.2020. Gos. registraciya v Gosudarstvennom reestre polezny`x modelej ot 10.07. 2020g. byull. № 27. [in Russ.] https://gosreestr.kazpatent.kz/
  19. Nuralin B.N., Olejnikov S. V., Galiev M.S., Dzhanaliev E. M., Maxmudova Sh. D., Kashbaev A. A. & Nұralin A.Zh. (2025). [Ploughshareblade surface for symmetrical working body for rotary plough] Lemeshno-otval`naya poverxnost` k simmetrichnomu rabochemu organu dlya povorotnogo pluga. Patent na izobretenie № 37577 KZ. Registracionny`j №2024/0437.1, data podachi zayavki 31.05.2024. Gos. registraciya v Gosudarstvennom reestre polezny`x modelej ot 17.10.2025. Byul. №42. [in Russ.] https://gosreestr.kazpatent.kz/
  20. Nuralin B.N. & Olejnikov S.V. (2017). Metodika analiticheskogo proektirovaniya poverxnosti rombovidnogo korpusa [The method of analytical design of the diamond-shaped body surface] / Zhurnal «Novosti nauki Kazaxstana». — Almaty`. №2(132). 2017. Рр.139–159. [in Russ.] https://vestnik.nauka.kz/articles/390
  21. Nuralin B.N., Galiev M.S., Dzhanaliev E.M. & Olejnikov S.V. (2025). Issledovanie tyagovogo soprotivleniya otval`ny`x rabochix organov pluga [Investigation of traction resistance of plough blade working bodies] // Іzdenіster, nәtizheler - Issledovaniya, rezul`taty`. — Almaty`. №1 (105) 2025. Рр. 333–346. ISSN 2304–3334 https://journal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/791 [in Russ.]
  22. Nuralin B.N., Olejnikov S.V. & Galiev M.S. (2020). Sovremennaya tendenciya razvitiya konstrukcii otval`ny`x plugov [The current trend in the design of dump plows] // Zhurnal «Novosti nauki Kazaxstana». — Almaty`. №2. 2020. Рр. 103–113. https://vestnik.nauka.kz/storage/docs/10-Nuralin.pdf [in Russ.]
  23. Nagy M., Cota C. & Fechete L. (2011). Modeling the geometric parameters of the equipment explants 500 active body for soil processing. In international symposium. Agricultural Engineering. Рp. 69–72. Bucharest, Romania.
  24. Nuralin B. et al., (2020). The working part of a reversible plough: design and experiments. Acta agriculturae scandinavica, section b: Soil & plant science. Vol. 70. No. 8. Pp. 679–685, https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2020.1833977. [in Eng.]
  25. GOST34631-2019 (2008). «Texnika sel`skoxozyajstvennaya. Metody` e`nergeticheskoj ocenki». — M., Standartinform, 2008. 13 р.https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data/739/73915.pdf [in Russ.]
  26. Ruhm E., Wasseler G., Wassler H. & Schatz G. (1978). The trapezoid plow pro and contra. Agrar Ubersicht. 29(11):708–711. [in German].
  27. RD 10.2.2-89 (1989). Ispy`taniya sel`skoxozyajstvennoj texniki. Metody` e`nergeticheskoj ocenki. — M.: FGUP «Standartinform»1989.27 р. [in Russ.]
  28. GOST R 52778-2007 (2008). Metody`: e`kspluatacionno-texnologicheskoj ocenki: — M., FGUP «Standartinform», 2008: 24 р. https://files.stroyinf.ru/Data2/1/4293835/4293835780.pdf [in Russ.]
  29. Putrin A.S. (2003). Osnovy` proektirovaniya rabochix organov dlya ry`xleniya pochv, naxodyashhixsya za predelami fizicheski spelogo sostoyaniya [Fundamentals of designing working bodies for loosening soils that are beyond the physically ripe state]: dissertaciya na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni doktora texnicheskix nauk // — Orenburg, 2003. 460 р. [in Russ.] https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01003238485
  30. Stübenbock H.I. (1981). Untersuchungen über das Pflugen mit Rautenkörpern. Grundlage Landtechnick. Vol. 1. No. 21. Рp. 1–9. 1981.
  31. Spodanejko A.A. & Chupin P.V. (2018). Plyusy` i minusy` ispol`zovaniya plugov dlya rombovidnoj vspashki [The pros and cons of using diamond-shaped ploughs]. M.: Vestn. sovremenny`x issledovanij. 2018. № 10.1. Рр. 201–202. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/fullrecord/WOS: 000371299400044 [in Russ.]
  32. Spodanejko A.A., Kuz`min D.E., Golovin A.Yu., Loshhinina A.M. & Chupin P.V. (2019). Osobennosti sel`skoxozyajstvenny`x orudij dlya rombovidnoj vspashki [Features of agricultural implements for diamond-shaped plowing] // — M.: Vestnik Omskogo GAU. 2019. № 1 (33). Рр.155–160. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000692719200014 [in Russ.]
  33. ST RK STB 1388-2011 (2011). «Plugi traktorny`e lemeshny`e obshhego naznacheniya, Obshhie texnicheskie usloviya». — Gosstandart RK. 2011. 44 р. https://prg.kz/document/?doc_id=31459900&pos=4;246 [in Russ.]

Citation Links

[1]2026. THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A SYMMETRICAL DIAMOND-SHAPED BLADE. Izdenister natigeler. 28, 2 (110) (Apr. 2026), 211–224. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2026/18.
(1)THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A SYMMETRICAL DIAMOND-SHAPED BLADE. Izdenister natigeler 2026, 28 (2 (110), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2026/18.
THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A SYMMETRICAL DIAMOND-SHAPED BLADE. (2026). Izdenister Natigeler, 28(2 (110), 211-224. https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2026/18
THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A SYMMETRICAL DIAMOND-SHAPED BLADE. Izdenister natigeler, [S. l.], v. 28, n. 2 (110), p. 211–224, 2026. DOI: 10.37884/2-2026/18. Disponível em: https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1231. Acesso em: 15 sep. 2026.
“THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A SYMMETRICAL DIAMOND-SHAPED BLADE”. 2026. Izdenister Natigeler 28 (2 (110): 211-24. https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2026/18.
“THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A SYMMETRICAL DIAMOND-SHAPED BLADE” (2026) Izdenister natigeler, 28(2 (110), pp. 211–224. doi:10.37884/2-2026/18.
[1]“THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A SYMMETRICAL DIAMOND-SHAPED BLADE”, Izdenister natigeler, vol. 28, no. 2 (110), pp. 211–224, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.37884/2-2026/18.
“THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A SYMMETRICAL DIAMOND-SHAPED BLADE”. Izdenister Natigeler, vol. 28, no. 2 (110), Apr. 2026, pp. 211-24, https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2026/18.
“THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A SYMMETRICAL DIAMOND-SHAPED BLADE”. Izdenister natigeler 28, no. 2 (110) (April 30, 2026): 211–224. Accessed September 15, 2026. https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1231.
1.THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A SYMMETRICAL DIAMOND-SHAPED BLADE. Izdenister natigeler [Internet]. 2026 Apr. 30 [cited 2026 Sep. 15];28(2 (110):211-24. Available from: https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1231
1.THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A SYMMETRICAL DIAMOND-SHAPED BLADE. Izdenister natigeler. 2026;28(2 (110):211-224. doi:10.37884/2-2026/18