Login | Register
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University ISSN 2304-3334 (Print)  ·  ISSN 2304-3334 (Online)
submit an article
Menu
submit an article
WATER, LAND AND FOREST RESOURCES

ANALYZING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES

Aigerim Bakirova 1 , Hakan Arslan 1

1 Ondokuz Mayis University

doi.org/10.37884/4-2024/42 pp. 406-413 Admitted 01.11.2024 Published 30.12.2024

Abstract

Various climatic factors, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind, play a crucial role in plant growth, yield, and quality. Therefore, understanding a region’s climate characteristics is essential before beginning agricultural activities to determine suitable crops for cultivation.

This study aims to map the spatial distribution of annual total precipitation in Kazakhstan by applying different interpolation methods to long-term (20-year) precipitation data from 80 meteorological stations. Precipitation data from 2000 to 2019 were obtained from the MERRA-2 Meteorological Re-Analysis database.

To identify the most accurate interpolation method, seven techniques were tested: Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Radial Basis Functions (RBF), Local Polynomial Interpolation (LPI), Ordinary Kriging (OK), Bayesian Empirical Kriging (BEK), CoKriging (COK), and Diffusion Kernel. Correlation coefficients and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values were used as criteria to evaluate each method's accuracy.

Results showed RMSE values of 35.568 for IDW, 30.777 for RBF, 30.031 for LPI, 25.751 for OK, 28.767 for BEK, 45.9 for COK, and 25.379 for Diffusion Kernel. The Diffusion Kernel method, with the lowest RMSE and highest correlation coefficient, was found to be the most suitable for creating the areal distribution map of precipitation in Kazakhstan.

Selecting the best interpolation method is essential as variations among methods can lead to different spatial distributions. Using the most appropriate interpolation method for each point dataset allows for more accurate mapping of water, soil, and climate data, leading to improved resource management.

Kazakhstan, Precipitation, Interpolation methods, RMSE

01 Introduction

The full text of the article is available for download in PDF format on the right panel.

02 References

  1. 1. Borges, P. D. A., Franke, J., da Anunciação, Y. M. T., Weiss, H., Bernhofer, C., 2016. Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for the estimation of precipitation distribution in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Theoretical and applied climatology, 123(1): 335-348.
  2. 2. Wagner PD, Fiener P, Wilken F, Kumar S, Schneider K. 2012. Comparison and evaluation of spatial interpolation schemes for Daily rainfall in data scarce regions. J Hydrol 464: 388–400.
  3. 3. Cho, Y., 2020. Application of NEXRAD radar-based quantitative precipitation estimations for hydrologic simulation using ArcPy and HEC software. Water, 12(1): 273.
  4. 4. Irvem, A., Ozbuldu, M. 2019. Evaluation of satellite and reanalysis precipitation products using GIS for all basins in Turkey. Advances in Meteorology doi.org/10.1155/2019/4820136.
  5. 5. Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suarez, M.J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L., Randles, C.A., Darmenov, A., Bosilovich, M.G., Reichle, R., 2017. The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2). J. Clim., 30: 5419–5454.
  6. 6. Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suárez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L., Zhao, B., 2017. The modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Journal of climate, 30(14): 5419-5454.
  7. 7. Yıldırım, D., Arslan, H., Cemek, B., 2015. Assessment of spatial distribution of precipitation with different interpolation methods for Yeşilırmak catchment. 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment (2nd ICSAE), 30 september – 3 october, 2015, Konya, Turkey.
  8. 8. Fares, A., Bayabil, H. K., Zekri, M., Mattos-Jr, D., Awal, R., 2017. Potential climate change impacts on citrus water requirement across major producing areas in the world. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 8(4): 576-592.
  9. 9. Javari, M. 2017. Comparison of interpolation methods for modeling spatial variations of Precipitation in Iran. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 12(5): 1037-1054.
  10. 10. Benavides, R., Montes, F., Rubio, A., Osoro, K., 2007. Geostatistical modelling of air temperature in a mountainous region of Northern Spain. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 146(3-4): 173-188.
  11. 11. Hadi, S. J., Tombul, M. 2018. Comparison of spatial interpolation methods of precipitation and temperature using multiple integration periods. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 46(7): 1187-1199.
  12. 12. Pellicone, G., Caloiero, T., Modica, G., Guagliardi, I. 2018. Application of several spatial interpolation techniques to monthly rainfall data in the Calabria region (southern Italy). International Journal of Climatology, 38(9): 3651-3666.
  13. 13. Katipoğlu, O.M. 2022. Spatial analysis of seasonal precipitation using various interpolation methods in the Euphrates basin, Turkey. Acta Geophys.
  14. 14. Antal, A., Guerreiro, P.M.P., Cheval, S., 2021. Comparison of spatial interpolation methods for estimating the precipitation distribution in Portugal. Theor Appl Climatol, 145: 1193–1206.
  15. 15. Hamal, K., Sharma, S., Khadka, N., Baniya, B., Ali, M., Shrestha, M. S., Dawadi, B. 2020. Evaluation of MERRA-2 precipitation products using gauge observation in Nepal. Hydrology, 7(3): 40.
  16. 16. A.G. Rau1,Ye.M. Kalybekova1,I.S. Seitasanov1,S.B. Zulpibekova1,M.B. Arystanov (2024). The role of groundwater ın cotton crop rotatıon crops of the Shardara irrigation massif. Izdenister Natigeler, (1 (101), 210–220. https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2024/21

Citation Links

[1]2024. ANALYZING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES. Izdenister natigeler. 4 (104) (Dec. 2024), 406–413. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2024/42.
(1)ANALYZING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES. Izdenister natigeler 2024, No. 4 (104), 406-413. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2024/42.
ANALYZING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES. (2024). Izdenister Natigeler, 4 (104), 406-413. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2024/42
ANALYZING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES. Izdenister natigeler, [S. l.], n. 4 (104), p. 406–413, 2024. DOI: 10.37884/4-2024/42. Disponível em: https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/781. Acesso em: 15 sep. 2026.
“ANALYZING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES”. 2024. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 4 (104) (December): 406-13. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2024/42.
“ANALYZING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES” (2024) Izdenister natigeler, (4 (104), pp. 406–413. doi:10.37884/4-2024/42.
[1]“ANALYZING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES”, Izdenister natigeler, no. 4 (104), pp. 406–413, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.37884/4-2024/42.
“ANALYZING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES”. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 4 (104), Dec. 2024, pp. 406-13, https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2024/42.
“ANALYZING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES”. Izdenister natigeler, no. 4 (104) (December 30, 2024): 406–413. Accessed September 15, 2026. https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/781.
1.ANALYZING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES. Izdenister natigeler [Internet]. 2024 Dec. 30 [cited 2026 Sep. 15];(4 (104):406-13. Available from: https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/781
1.ANALYZING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH DIFFERENT INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES. Izdenister natigeler. 2024;(4 (104):406-413. doi:10.37884/4-2024/42