No. 4 (104) (2024): Research, results

The article presents the results of immunogenic properties of inactivated vaccine against avian pasteurellosis from strain A 46 No. 576.

As a result of studying the vaccine prepared from field isolates of Pasteurella Ch-1, K-1 and deposited strain A 46 № 576 after the addition of 6% gel of aluminum oxide hydrate after 12 months of study.

The prepared vaccine from field isolate Ch-1 with 6% aluminum oxide hydrate gel had 66% CIE after 3 months, 62% after 6 months and 58% after 12 months. Vaccine from Pasteurella multocida A 46 #576 with 6% aluminum oxide hydrate gel had 100% CIE after 3 and 6 months and 99% after 12 months. Vaccination with strain K-1 resulted in a lower percentage of KIE: 78%, 74%, and 69% after 12 months, respectively. Thus, the vaccine made from Pasteurella multocida A 46 #576 showed the highest immunologic efficacy index (IEI) of 99% with prolongation up to 12 months, compared to bacteria prepared from Ch-1 and K-1.

The protective properties of inactivated vaccines with adjuvant also remained at 12 months (observation period). The inactivated vaccine from strain A 46 No. 576 showed the highest values.

Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

The Mugalzhar horse breed was bred on the basis of purebred breeding and improvement of Kazakh toad horses in the basic farms of Aktobe, Karaganda and Kyzylorda regions. A distinctive feature of its breeding is that the work is based on the use of the method of inbreeding breeding in conditions of year-round pasture-breeding maintenance. This made it possible to preserve the valuable adaptive qualities of Kazakh toad horses and at the same time significantly increase their live weight.

Horses of the new Irtysh factory type of the Mugalzhar breed differ from Kazakh horses of the Abai region by a higher live weight, relatively large measurements (stallions on average have a height at the withers of 146.4 cm, an oblique body length of 152.5 cm, chest circumference of 185.8 cm, pastern circumference of 21.2 cm, live weight of 526.1 kg; mares, respectively 144,2-151,3-183,6-20.1 cm and 501.4 kg, with high meat and dairy productivity in pasture conditions.

Massiveness, harmony of build, possession of a strong dense constitution, sufficient bone structure, normal posture and structure of limbs, the same type of suit (brown, bulan), these exterior advantages are possessed by horses of the Irtysh factory type of the Mugalzhar breed. They have high meat and dairy productivity. So, when slaughtering 2.5-year-old stallions of the Irtysh stud type after autumn feeding, the carcass weight is 216.4 kg, and the slaughter yield is 54.6%. The yield of pulp is 80.5% (174.20 kg), and the yield of bones is 19.5% (42.20 kg).

The article presents the results of the study of gynecological pathologies, the most common among which were uterine pathologies up to 50%, including clinically expressed endometritis up to 30%, subclinical endometritis - up to 13%, uterine subinvolution - up to 12%.  After the first insemination up to 30-40th day after calving, up to 20.0% of animals were sterile, which is approximately 2 times lower than in later periods.

To date, infertility causes great economic damage to the livestock industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Infertility is only a sign or consequence of any condition (including disease), as a result of which the reproduction of herds is disturbed. It is a violation of reproduction of breeding herds and repair young as a result of stress factors (alimentary, climatic, etc.), errors in artificial or natural insemination, diseases of reproductive organs, immune reactions. Thus, a cow not inseminated or inseminated but not fertilized within two months after calving (or 1 month after completion of physiological terms of genital involution) should be considered infertile.

Recovery processes in the uterus were slower, but stabilization of functional activity of ovaries achieved by ovariostimulation accelerated recovery processes in the uterus. In the following works we set the task to conduct obstetric-gynecological dipanserizatsiya uterine stock in the postpartum period and to identify the most common pathologies of genital organs in cows and to develop effective methods of treatment to restore the functions of genital organs, thus we identified in this farm up to 30% of infertile cows and the main type of infertility of cows was symptomatic infertility, which was 67% of such pathologies as - purulent catarrhal inflammation of the uterus, pathologies of ovaries and their functionally.

The scientific and industrial potential of environmental, breeding, genetic, zootechnical, and sanitary-veterinary measures ensures improvements in productivity and resistance of agricultural chickens to infectious diseases, particularly bacterial ones, at poultry farms. In industrial poultry farming, infectious bacterial diseases exert significant pressure on bird health, productivity indicators, and mortality rates. The article presents the results of a study revealing the features of bacterial contamination in pathological material (198 composite samples) from agricultural chickens. These studies were conducted for the first time at poultry farms in the Akmola, Almaty, and West Kazakhstan regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Samples from the poultry farm in the Akmola region tested positive for Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp., Almaty region for Clostridium spp. (poultry farm №2), Staphylococcus spp. (poultry farm №2), and Escherichia coli (poultry farm № 2-4), and West Kazakhstan region for Enterococcus spp. (poultry farm № 2-4) and Escherichia coli (poultry farm №5). Antibiotic resistance testing of Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. strains showed that Enterococcus spp. strains were highly resistant to the Tifarm (100%) and Spelink (67%) drugs, while Staphylococcus spp. strains demonstrated high resistance to the Enroxil (100%) and Quinolone (67%) antibacterial drugs. The study of bacterial contamination in pathological material allowed the examined poultry farms to take necessary measures to ensure biosecurity and minimize the level of contamination in production matrices by bacterial pathogens.

Variations of vertebrae are an important characteristics of farm animals. The aim of this research is to study vertebral variations and their relationship with length and weight of sheep carcass.

The article presents the results of X-ray examination of sheep of mutton-fat, fine-wool and semi-fine-wool breeds of various age-sex groups. Analysis of the obtained X-ray images showed that rams, ewes and 4 month aged young rams additional 14th pairs of ribs and 7th vertebrae.

The article presents the results of control slaughter of 4 month aged young rams of the Kazakh fat-tailed coarse-wool breed ("Tokan 1" farm) and Etti merino ("Merey" farm) from the pairing of long-bodied rams with standard ewes in comparison with peers received from the pairing of standard rams with standard ewes. The results of the control slaughter showed that in both breeds, the rams from long-bodied rams surpassed their peers from standard rams in carcass yield by 0.89-2.22%, in slaughter yield by 0.41-1.80%. Along with this the offspring of long-bodied rams had better indicators of meat coefficient by 3.46-3.62 and better indicators of the protein and fat ratio - 1/0.94 and 1/1.11.

Based on the conducted work, preliminary conclusions were made that the pairing of long-bodied rams with standard ewes improves meat productivity of the offspring. This allows to recommend rams with a longer body for further selection to increase meat productivity in both mutton-fat and fine-wool sheep breeding.

The article examines the features of the organization of fattening accounting for the correct organization of accounting for the meat sector, the main branch of animal husbandry, which is one of two important areas of agriculture. According to the Bureau of Statistics, the annual increase in meat production justifies the need for proper organization of its accounting. The main source of information about the economic activity of agricultural enterprises is the data contained in accounting. Accounting in agriculture is aimed at providing the necessary information about the course of production processes, ensuring the safety of property, increasing profitability, increasing efficiency and improving the quality of work.

Where there is an active market, the fair value of a biological asset or agricultural product can be determined by grouping biological assets or agricultural products according to their main characteristics (for example, prices related to age or quality, items used in this market).

Since the food problem is currently acute, the article shows that the main task of agricultural enterprises is to increase the volume of livestock products depending on the number and productivity of animals. This is possible by increasing the yield of young animals and creating conditions for their proper breeding, balanced feeding, achieving maximum conservation and high growth of the live weight of fattened animals. It also turns out that accounting plays an important role in solving these tasks. He monitors and registers all changes in the composition of the herd, as well as determines the results of breeding and fattening livestock.In addition, the article provides the procedure for the correct determination of incremental and fattening livestock on accounting accounts and the calculation of the cost of live weight.

Currently, one of the key problems in Kazakhstan is the spread of parasitic diseases among livestock, especially moniesiosis. The article presents the results of a study of moniesiosis in sheep conducted in the Almaty region, and also identifies the types of helminths typical for sheep breeding. The work was carried out in the autumn, during which fecal samples from 40 sheep from the Nurai farm were analyzed. The samples were examined using the Darling, Füllebön, and G. A. Kotelnikov and V. M. Khrenov methods.

In the laboratory of the Biological Safety Department of the Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Khrenov's selection methods were used, the species composition of parasites, the intensity indicators (II) and extensiveness (IE) of invasion, as well as the components of the parasitocenosis were studied.

The study of parasitic diseases of sheep using coprological methods showed the presence of anoplocephalates in the form of both monoinvasions and mixed invasions. As a result of the analysis of the gastrointestinal tract of sheep, four types of helminths were identified: Dictyocaulus filarial, Moniezia expansa, Thysaniezia giardi and Avitellina centripunctata.

The overall infection of sheep with dictyocaulosis (Dictyocaulus filarial) was 12.5% ​​(5 animals), the intensity of infection varied from 1 to 14 eggs in the field of view of the microscope. Monesiosis (Moniezia expansa) was diagnosed in 30% of sheep (12 out of 40). Thysaniezia giardi infestation was 20% (8 animals) with an intensity of 1–2 eggs, and Avitellina centripunctata was found in 5% of sheep (2 animals) with an intensity of 1 egg. Thus, Moniezia expansa had the highest infestation intensity, reaching from 1 to 14 eggs per field of view of the microscope, while for the other species the intensity remained low (1–6 eggs).

The results of studying the spread of pests in the conditions of cultivation of spring wheat on the southern carbonate chernozems of the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan are presented. The study of the cenosis and observation of plant organogenesis and the phenology of phytophages is the subject of phytosanitary monitoring. The data obtained by us serve as an information base for the organization of plant protection activities. Therefore, every factor that reduces the wheat harvest causes huge economic damage. One of these factors has now become wheat thrips (Haplotrips tritici), which in recent years has become the most important pest of wheat. Thanks to the phytosanitary monitoring of spring soft wheat crops for 2022-2024, an assessment of the degree of danger of damage to plants by wheat thrips was determined.

Based on the results of this monitoring, the main decision is made – on the choice, appointment, or cancellation of protective measures according to the criteria of economic harmfulness thresholds, this is not only an indicator for the start of treatments, but also the level to which it is necessary to reduce the number of phytophages to prevent crop losses. As a result of the research, modern methods of field and laboratory assessment of wheat damage by wheat thrips were applied. The biological features of the phytophagus in the conditions of the research area have been studied. The influence of weather conditions on the population dynamics of this pest is estimated. The degree of harmfulness of thrips was determined and the total loss of grain yield in % was calculated.

For the period 2022-2024, the seasonal dynamics of the number of wheat thrips during the growing season of spring wheat was studied. 

Due to the need to achieve the principles of sustainable development and to understand the processes of formation of phytocenoses in areas that were adversely affected by the industrial impact, this study assessed the condition of the Grachevsky uranium mine (Kazakhstan), which underwent conservation procedures about 25 years ago. The assessment included a qualitative research method (analysis of documents) to determine agro-climatic conditions and empirical methods of collecting information. The authors studied the intensity of ionizing radiation of the gamma background of the water surface of the reservoir (and sections of the shoreline and territories adjacent to the reservoir), and hydrochemical parameters of the waters of the reservoir, and performed a description of the botanical diversity. The vegetation cover of the sections of the reservoir shore is at different stages of syngenesis and is represented by pioneer groupings, group thicket communities, and diffuse communities. Favorable ecological conditions for the settlement and development of plants develop within the shores of the reservoir. The intensity levels of ionizing radiation do not exceed the maximum permissible levels and practically do not affect the formation of phytocenoses. An anthropogenically modified dry meadow with the participation of plants typical of the steppe zone has been formed on the floodplain terrace. Concerning the indicators of quality and toxicology of this reservoir, the water can be used for household and drinking purposes under the condition of prior water treatment. It can be concluded that a high level of natural purification of the reservoir waters occurred within twenty years after the reclamation of the uranium mine.

In the steppezoneon common chernozemsin the KarabalykAgriculturalExperimentalStationLLP in the Karabalykdistrict of Kostanayregion, dependingonmineralnutritionsystems, crop rotations,cropsandsoiltreatmenttechnologies, the dynamics of carbondioxideemissions from soils of agrolandscapesduring the development of landintensification was studied. The research was carried out bymeasuringcarbondioxide emissions using the Shtatnovtitrimetricmethod.Thepaperalsopresentsdataon the assessment of soilfertilityanditseffectoncarbondioxideemissions from various soil treatmenttechnologies.Basedonobservations of carbondioxidefluxesfromthesoilduring the growingseason, the mainpatterns of the dynamics of CO2emissionvariabilitydependingonseasonalityandabioticfactors(temperature,light,humidity,etc.)undervariousagricultural technologies,soiltreatment, crop rotationsystemsandfertilizers have been established for the first time. The resultsshowedthatinareaswithzerotillage(NoTill), there is a tendencytoincrease the biologicalactivity of the soil,which is confirmed by highercarbondioxideemissions.Atthesametime,traditionaltillageusingfertilizerscontributes to an increase in the concentration of nitratenitrogenandmobilephosphorus,whichcontributes to an increase in agronomicproductivity.

The article presents the results obtained when using a product for the disposal of sulfur-containing waste from sulfuric acid production to combat grape oidium. The causative agent of oidium is the fungus Uncinula Burial, which has a harmful effect on the growth and development of grapes. We have selected a type of grape as the object of research – black kishmish, which has the ability to withstand a sharp change in natural climatic factors (temperature, humidity, wind fluctuations).

The work uses calcium polysulfide obtained by the action of lime on sulfur-containing waste. In addition to polysulfide, it contains thiosulfate and other calcium compounds. The effect of tolyltriazole on the biological activity of calcium polysulfide has been studied. Tolyltriazole is a mixture of 4-tolyltriazole and 5-tolyltriazole (5 methul-1,2,3-benzotriazole; 5- methylbenzotriazole (mixture). Tolyltriazole is characterized by fungicidal activity, it is used to treat plants in the early stages of disease development, as well as for preventive purposes. It is mechanism of action is based on inhibition of sterol biosynthesis. It affects the processes of cell division, disrupting the growth and death of microbes. 

The results of experimental studies have shown an increase in the biological effectiveness of calcium polysulfide when combined with tolyltriazole. A theoretical explanation of the observed synergetic effect is given. Tolyltriazole has been used by us to give both hydrophilicity to the treated surfaces of leaves and stems of plants, and to increase the overall biological activity of a complex insectofungicidal composition.

A sharp decrease in the quality and yield of grapes susceptible to the incidence of oidium has been established.

The article considers the issues of phytoreclamation of saline soils by cultivating licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and its effect on their nutrient regime. The relevance of the research is that in the southern half of the Republic, saline soils have a tendency to steadily grow not only due to changes in soil formation factors, but also due to increased anthropogenic impact. Their development is achieved by a classic method, the essence of which is the leaching of salts from the soil and ground layer against the background of a drainage and collector network. The main disadvantage of the noted method is the use of a huge amount of water. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to determine the effects of licorice on the nutrient regime of saline soils of Southern Kazakhstan with different levels of salinity to develop a biological method of reclamation. The advantage of the latter over similar methods is that when growing licorice, a large volume of water is not spent, and due to the biological characteristics of the plant, it carries easily soluble salts with the above-ground mass, ensures a decrease in the level of groundwater and enriches the soil with organic matter.

Field experiments were conducted on the territories of three pilot farms in Southern Kazakhstan, which differ in the level of soil salinity. The studies showed that growing licorice in conditions of slightly, moderately and strongly saline soils does not affect the provision of soils with humus.

The article presents the results of research conducted in 2023 and 2024 on the development and spread of pests, diseases and weeds in the cultivation of oilseed flax using traditional, minimal and zero technology in the conditions of the southern carbonate chernozem of Northern Kazakhstan. When preparing seeds for sowing, the innovative biopreparation Seedspor S was investigated in comparison with the chemical mordant Pilgrim, K.S. and the effectiveness of drugs on seed quality indicators, field germination, on the development and spread of root rot was revealed. During the years of the study, on average, high field germination of seeds was in the variants with the use of a biological preparation, where the excess was 2.8–3.8% of the use of a chemical preparation and 10.5–11.3% of the control variant. However, its effectiveness against root rot was inferior to the chemical variants of the experiment.  The use of a set of protective measures in the cultivation of oilseed flax against the background of various technologies ensured a decrease in the level of development and spread of seed infection, soil phytopathogens, diseases, pests, annual and perennial cereals and dicotyledonous weeds during the growing season, which allowed to obtain additional yields by 19.4–25.4% compared with the control variant. Among the studied variants, the highest yield was obtained against the background of the use of minimal technology and averaged 12.5-12.6 c/ha over 2 years.

This article shows the processes of conducting engineering and geodetic surveys and providing geoinformation management when using land resources. The main goal of the article is the organization of geoinformation management for carrying out engineering and geodetic research in the work on the use and placement of land resources.  The use of geoinformation in land use laws and guidelines on methods for conducting engineering and geodetic research in the use of land resources. Due to the complexity of the upcoming tasks, settlement lands are divided into many types and varieties. Its forms and content may vary depending on natural and economic conditions, the characteristics of the territory being developed, and require geodetic survey. The purpose of geodetic observations is to obtain quantitative data characterizing the absolute values ​​of deformations in order to implement measures to prevent possible destruction of the object under study. In addition, the development of modern society cannot be achieved without the use of geographic information technologies, since in order to make decisions in any field of activity, a person needs information about the state of the environment, trends in the market for goods and services, environmental conditions. In this regard, a number of important information is aimed at improving the processes of information exchange between individuals and legal entities through the creation of Internet networks; the implementation of these processes should be based on technologies based on geographic information systems.

In many countries, kale cabbage is quickly gaining popularity, since in addition to its beneficial properties, it is also a cold-resistant crop. The content of vitamins in it is several times higher than the daily norm. This explains such powerful antioxidant properties of this leafy vegetable. Kale cabbage also includes many minerals, it is most rich in calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, copper and iron. It has a unique biochemical composition with a large number of vitamins, flavanoids, carotenoids and mineral elements and therefore is a very useful vegetable crop. One serving of kale cabbage provides more than 100% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin A and more than 40% of vitamin C.

An effective method that allows you to determine vitamins and flavanoids in plant samples is high-performance liquid chromatography - a universal analytical method for separating and analyzing complex mixtures. Currently, interest in the content of quercetin and other flavonoids in various objects has increased markedly, due to their high antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity, as well as a number of other beneficial properties that these compounds possess.

Studies have revealed the hybrids most adapted to each of the technologies for the accumulation of quartzetin, vitamin A, vitamin C, solids and nutrients in kale leaves when grown on various types of hydroponics. According to research results, the Dwart green curlet F₁ hybrid is recommended on aquaponics, and the Scarlet F₁ and Nero di Toskana F₁ hybrids are recommended on NFT technology.

In the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, a comprehensive assessment of varieties and promising breeding material of sweet sorghum was carried out according to the main economically useful signs and properties, a breeding model of the sweet sorghum variety for these climatic conditions was developed.

The research was carried out in Akmola region at the “SPC GF named after A.I. Barayev” LLP. An assessment was carried out on ripeness, drought resistance, plant height, yield of herbage and dry matter, seed yield, sugar content in stem sap and a productive, drought-resistant breeding material of sweet sorghum with a short growing season, with a high sugar content in stem sap was identified.

According to the results of the study for 2022-2023 of promising breeding numbers of sweet sorghum, 2 breeding numbers of sweet sorghum were allocated: K-16 and K-18-3, which exceeded the herbage yield, dry matter and seeds of the Slavyanskoe priusadebnoe standard (271.0 c/ha, 116.2 c/ha, 3.6 c/ha, thoroughly) by 13.9-42.8%. The best promising breeding number K-16 was transferred in 2023 as a variety for state variety testing and is recommended for use on green fodder, silage, haylage, as well as for obtaining various sugar-containing products from the sap stems or feed mass.

The scientific article was prepared within the framework of the targeted financing program of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan BR24892821: “Breeding and primary seed production of grain crops to increase the potential of productivity, quality and stress resistance in various soil and climatic zones of Kazakhstan” for the activity “Creation of source material and sorghum varieties for the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan”.

In the context of the current environmental and global crisis, universal and continuous environmental education is becoming increasingly important to overcome it. Agenda 21, adopted at the International Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, established the concept of sustainable development as a new worldview for humanity. This document states that environmental education is one of the mechanisms for changing knowledge, values, behavior and lifestyle, and creating a culture necessary to achieve a sustainable society.

This scientific article examines aspects of the formation of environmental culture and public environmental activity through environmental education as a mechanism for achieving sustainable development goals. The priority directions of the state environmental policy of Kazakhstan have been studied, and the best foreign experience in environmental education has been analyzed. It is shown that the formation of an environmental culture in society is impossible without the systematic implementation of continuing education programs for the population, starting from the family, school and higher educational institutions.

In connection with the increasing environmental responsibility of the population, the issue of its environmental activity is also relevant. The comprehensive development of environmental culture is the key to instilling in our generation patriotism and constant concern for citizens about the environment. As a result of such new initiatives, a new culture and a new social ethic can be established in our country, we can cultivate a real sense of patriotism and concern for the environment. All this is a reason to recognize environmental culture in all spheres of society as a means of creating a “green transformation”.

         Cement is not only a building material, but also a material that ensures the preservation of cultural heritage in society. Although thousands of structures using cement concrete are built every year in the world, including cultural heritage and historical monuments, over time concrete is destroyed, becomes unusable and dangerous for humans and animals. Therefore, materials with the ability to self-repair can be used to preserve and restore these structures. The use of urease-active bacteria effectively solves these problems, because if bacteria are used in concrete structures, they continue to live and divide in concrete. Urease promotes the mineralization of calcium carbonate by hydrolysis of urea present in the environment. As a result of urease activity, carbon dioxide is released, bacteria can use urea as a nitrogen source, ammonia increases the pH of the medium, which leads to the formation of a precipitate of Ca2+ and Co3+ Ca2Co3. This unique property makes it particularly suitable for use in the construction industry (concrete structures, plaster mortars, ready-made mixtures, production of refractory elements, bricks).

        Microorganisms were isolated from wastewater and then tested for the ability to hydrolyze urea. According to the test results, 7 isolates were tested, 2 strains with high urease activity were selected from them.

       In this article, the method of bio-cementation of sand is studied. Rainwater erosion tests were carried out to test the strength of the hardened sand. In addition, when examining reinforced sand under the SEM-BCS microscope, it is possible to clearly see the pregnancy of calcium carbonates in the sand.

The apple tree M9 is the most promising species for horticulture in the southern part of Western Europe and Kazakhstan, but it is difficult to propagate in in vitro. Apical and axillary segments of the bud measuring 0.5–2.0 cm were used as explants. Microcloning was carried out by adding 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) – 0.5 mg/l; indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic acid (GA) – 0.5 mg/l to unmodified Murashige-Skoog (MS) and Woody plant medium (WPM) nutrient media. The vitamins B₁ and B₆ were also added in the amount of 0.5 mg/l, ascorbic acid in the amount of 1.5 mg/l. The modified nutrient media Murashige-Skoog (MS) and Woody plant medium (WPM) included indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic acid (GA) - 0.01 mg / l; vitamins B₁ and B₆ were in concentrations of 0.1 mg / l and ascorbic acid 1.0 mg / l. The introduction into new nutrient media was carried out after 4 weeks. The experiments consisted of 25-30 explants and were cultivated in 3 replicates.

The most optimal type of explant were apical shoots. Accordingly, their regeneration level was 40% after 1 and 2 months of transplantation in unmodified nutrient media Murashige-Skoog (MS) and Woody plant medium (WPM). Also, the amount of vitamins 0.5 mg / l led to the death of explants after 2-3 weeks. Microcuttings formed callus tissue and underwent necrosis 3-4 months after transplantation. The use of 0.5 mg/l in modified Murashige-Skoog medium, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic acid (GA) – 0.01 mg/l, vitamins B₁ and B₆ 0.1 mg/l and ascorbic acid 1.0 mg/l completely solved the problem of intensive callus formation. After 1 month of cultivation in this medium, the regenerative capacity of explants was 40.7% higher (65.0-85.0%, respectively) compared to other media. 

 Highly competitive soybean lines of the variety testing nursery of Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production LLP, the department of oilseeds and the laboratory of molecular biology located in the south-east of Kazakhstan, as well as the TI3 locus with a zero allele, were obtained as the starting material. The main objective of the study is to reduce the activity of the trypsin inhibitor (TI), one of the factors affecting the nutrients contained in its seeds, when using soy culture. That is, it is important to control the function of an enzyme that reduces the activity of trypsin, which breaks down protein during digestion. Currently, it is impossible to determine such enzymes by the traditional method of selection. In this regard, in our study using molecular biology methods in laboratory conditions, the inhibitory activity of trypsin in soybean line seeds and the close relationship of alleles of the Lox2 lipoxygenase locus using the SSR marker in the Satt 656 primer were revealed. The protein storage spectrum and lipoxygenesis activity in seeds of lines were analyzed B-47/411; B-40/62-24; ZR 107/3; B47/53; Z 8/2; E 12/2; W 8/2; W 8/4; W13/2; IT 1/6; IT 1/5; IT 17/3; Z 40/; IT 1/8; A8/22; IT 24/4; IT 1/7; IT 24/2; IT 1/9, IT1/3; CT-41/1; And-23/7. As a result, a low content of the enzyme against nutrients was obtained in the seeds of B-47/411, IT 1/3, Zh 8/2, b47/53 soybean lines. These lines are recommended for use as a starting material in soybean breeding with a decrease in the content of anti-nutrients in seeds.

The work used modern methods of agroecological assessment of lands, which take into account not only the chemical and physical characteristics of soils, but also biological indicators that affect crops and their productivity and resistance to external influences. Unlike traditional approaches that focus on individual fertility indicators, this work uses an integrated approach that takes into account the impact of anthropogenic factors, climate change and degradation processes in dynamics. This allows for a more accurate and functional assessment of the condition of lands and the development of recommendations for their sustainable use. In addition, the paper describes the integration of remote sensing data and geographic information systems (GIS) to create high-precision maps of the agroecological condition of lands. These technologies make it possible to quickly track changes in soil cover over large areas, which is especially important in conditions of intensive agriculture and against the background of changing climatic conditions. The authors present the developed electronic maps of microstructures of the soil cover, maps of agroecological groups and types of lands, a geomorphological map and other maps that are the basis and basis for designing adaptive landscape farming systems.

Currently, in the conditions of the south-eastern region of Kazakhstan, the main region for the cultivation and production of soy crops is becoming. Recently, soybean crops have increased significantly in the region. One of the negative factors of the formation of high-yielding soybean crops in dry years in the mountainous territory of the Almaty region, in a fast-continental climate, is the lack of provision of natural humidity. Soybean culture is most sensitive to environmental conditions, lack of precipitation leads to a decrease in soybean yield by 30-40% due to incomplete flow and shortening of the growing season in unfavorable years. For this reason, one of the important issues is to obtain varieties with an optimal duration of the growing season and high yield of the soybean crop. In our research work, the duration of the growing season of soybean varieties was monitored in relatively irrigated and arid conditions. As a result of phenological control, early-maturing varieties Ivushka, Oriental Beauty, Rose under irrigation conditions (90 days), under drought conditions (87 days); medium-maturing varieties Joy, Almaty under irrigation conditions (92-95 days), under drought conditions (90 days); late-maturing varieties Birlik, Vita, Danaya were determined under irrigation conditions (101-104 days), in drought conditions (98-101 days). These soybean varieties are recommended for use as a starting material for arid breeding in the conditions of the south-east of the country.

Population growth and the increasing demand for high-quality food require improved agricultural efficiency, including improved methods of storing crops. Modern studies of the microbiome and rhizosphere open up new opportunities to combat post-harvest spoilage of fruits. Understanding the role of the endophytic and epiphytic microbiome makes it possible to develop safe and effective biocontrol systems.

The European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) has officially recognized some strains of Metschnikowia yeast as plant protection products against fungal diseases. Pre-harvesting with the use of these yeasts is becoming increasingly popular, as they successfully colonize the surface of fruits, preventing the reproduction of pathogens. Yeast prevents discoloration of the peel, ensures the preservation of fruit hardness and the total content of soluble solids, acid and vitamin C, and also prevents the growth of pathogens.

In this study, the effect of a biological preparation based on Hanseniaspora Uvarum Y-RKM 1147 and Metschnikowia Pulcherrima Y-RKM 1138 on the safety of table grape varieties during long-term storage was studied. The results showed that the drug effectively prevents the proliferation of pathogens, reduces weight loss and preserves the quality of fruits. It has also been found that the treatment improves biochemical parameters, including the content of soluble solids, acids and vitamin C, and helps to maintain the marketable appearance of grapes.

Thus, the use of biological preparations based on yeast is a promising method for improving the safety of table grape varieties and improving their quality.

Grapes are an important fruit crop in Kazakhstan. Downy mildew is one of the most common fungal diseases of grapes caused by Plasmopara viticola. An effective way to control the spread of the pathogen is the cultivation of resistant varieties. Vitis Vinifera varieties are considered the basis of high-quality viticulture, but are susceptible to P. viticola. The search for sustainability donors is an important stage of breeding. In this work, we conducted PCR studies on selected grape varieties and hybrids of Kazakhstani selection using 5 DNA markers (GF18-08, GF18-06, GF09-46, GF09-48, GF14-28) linked to downy mildew resistance genes at the Rpv10, Rpv12 and Rpv3 loci. The separation of reaction products was carried out by the method of capillary electrophoresis using the 3500 (Applied Biosystems) automatic genetic analyzer. The analyzes were carried out according to the possibility of identifying target alleles according to the breed of the samples under study. The Rpv3 gene for powdery mildew resistance was detected in six hybrid genotypes and four varieties. At the Rpv10 locus, it was detected in two markers (GF09-46, GF09-48) in the Almaly, Bereke, and Fioletovy ranny varieties and in three grape hybrids. No Rpv12 resistance genes were found.

This article presents the results of studying the distribution and development of weeds in lentil crops (Lens culinaris Medik) on southern carbonate chernozems in the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan. Field experiments were carried out in the conditions of "SPC GF named after A.I. Barayev" LLP of the Shortandinsky district of the Akmola region. In the conditions of the steppe zone, when growing lentils, the most common weeds were plants from the cereal family (monocotyledons). To limit the harmfulness of cereals, lentil crops were treated with herbicides in the phase of 4-6 leaves of the crop, 1-3 leaves of annual cereal weeds. All types of cereal weeds were taken into account during the survey of crops. The biological effectiveness of the herbicide was determined by reducing the number of weeds in comparison with the control. 

The results of the conducted studies revealed that the biological efficacy of the drugs Suprim, е.с., Kinetic forte, е.с. and Kadim 240, е.с. against cereal weeds during the entire observation period was 88,5-77,3, 89,5-78,4 and 87,7-77,1%, respectively. The use of chemicals against cereal weeds made it possible to limit the number of weeds and obtain a crop seed yield of 8,5, 8,6 and 8,3 c/ha, respectively.

The national economic importance of barley is determined by its universal use. Barley is affected by many leaf spot diseases. Among fungal diseases, the yield and quality of barley are affected by net spot (Pyrenophora teres) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei). Barley resistance to diseases is polygenic, i.e. it is assessed by non-specific horizontal and oligogenic specific vertical resistance to certain races. One of the important tasks of selection is the creation of disease-resistant varieties. In the period 2020-2023, under the conditions of an artificial infectious background of the "Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing", commercial and collection 216 varieties-samples of winter and spring barley from the competitive variety testing nursery were studied, their economically valuable traits were assessed in field and laboratory conditions. During the study, the elements of the yield structure of barley varieties-samples resistant to diseases (weight of 1000 grains, ear productivity, ear graininess, weight of grain from one ear and yield) were comparatively studied.

Barley is a valuable grain, food and industrial crop, its grain is widely used for food and feed purposes. Efficient production of grain, including barley, largely depends on the applied agricultural technology, especially the diet. Increasing the yield and quality of grain crops, including spring barley, is the basis for the economic sustainability of agricultural enterprises. Sustainable growth in grain production today is associated with the intensification of the technological process of cultivation, aimed at creating highly productive crops, improving the quality of grain while maintaining environmental safety, reducing resource and energy costs. It is known that in order to grow stable yields of spring barley with high grain quality indicators, it is important to provide plants with nutrients from the very beginning of the growing season by applying mineral fertilizers. The article presents experimental data on the vegetation and grain yield of spring barley from the use of different rates of mineral fertilizers and methods of primary soil cultivation during the vegetation of spring barley

The article presents research on spatial analysis for the diagnosis of soils and crops using GIS technologies in the North Kazakhstan region. An analysis of the application of the geostatistical Kriging method is given, which allows you to build predictable maps based on limited data, and also allows you to interactively explore the spatial behavior of any values and assume their further change or state by interpolating data on objects without specified values. In these studies, the forecast of changes in soil and agrochemical parameters was considered: nitrogen, phosphorus and humus. When Kriging, the program uses mathematical functions for a certain number of points. Variograms and covariance functions were created to estimate the values of statistical dependence, and unknown values were predicted for various crops of the fertilized background and control. To verify the accuracy of the interpolation data, a comparison of the forecast map and the cartogram of mobile phosphorus and humus was carried out in the article. As a result of comparing the maps, similar areas of phosphorus and humus content changes were revealed to a greater extent, which indicates a working model of Kriging interpolation and some inconsistencies, which may indicate errors in the method.

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of the main nut crops of world importance. The conservation and effective use of walnut genetic resources is one of the fundamental principles of breeding work. Therefore, it is important to study the distribution of walnut (Juglans regia L.) and their diversity, for a new breeding program and selection of excellent genotypes. For this purpose, the distribution of Juglans regia L. was monitored in the southern and southeastern regions of Kazakhstan and phenotyping of nut fruit quality indicators. As a result of the expedition work, a collection of 60 walnut samples was formed: 30 samples from the Sairam-Ugam State National Natural Park, 7 trees from the village of Mashat, Tulkubas district of Turkestan region, 10 trees near the village of Sarkyrama in the Saryagash district of Turkestan region, 7 samples from the Kyrgyz Republic and 6 walnut trees from the Almaty region. Herbarium material and fruits of the walnut were collected from all the trees. (60 genotypes) indicating the geographical coordinates of the collection site based on GPS, for further work in genetic research. As a result of phenotyping of the walnut collection (Juglans regia L.) in terms of fruit quality, it was revealed that the walnut fruits collected on the territory of Mashat village, in comparison with the collection, differed in the largest size with a diameter of 3.28±0.17 cm and a length of 3.29±0.21 cm. In a comparative assessment of fruit quality by kernel weight and kernel yield, the most productive samples №51 (6.20±0.04 g) were identified, 54,13±3,47%), №1 (5,97±0,41 g, 53,74±2,02%), №34 (5,48±0,39 g, 52.30±0.45%), №50 (5.35±0.56 g, 47,43±2,70%), №59 (5,11±0,62 39.09±2.20%) and №24 (5.07±0.72 g, 45.18±2.70%). 

Currently, the construction of mine water treatment facilities is one of the important measures aimed at preserving surface watercourses and reservoirs. The article discusses methods of mine water purification and effective treatment options. The chemical composition of mine waters is diverse, due to the influence of natural processes occurring in the rock mass, aquifers, and in mine workings when water comes into contact with rocks. The composition of mine water impurities exceeds the regulatory maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) as much as possible, which are cleaned before they are discharged into open reservoirs. The main pollutants of mine waters are highlighted, the main methods of mine water purification are considered, and characteristic signs of the use of mine water purification methods are noted. As a result, it was revealed that the correct determination of the order by the technological and technical requirements for each water treatment process included in the general technological scheme purifies the water well to the required quality. In accordance with the requirements for the quality of mine water treatment, it is necessary to modernize treatment facilities and introduce new and effective technologies, i.e. solve the problem of mine water treatment comprehensively.

During the process of cleaning natural waters, a large amount of highly waterlogged sediment is formed, which is a potential source of environmental pollution. The development of water supply station capacities, increasing requirements for the creation of energy-saving technologies and environmental protection necessitate the treatment of water supply station sludge. In practice, the following main directions of processing water sludge are used: discharge of sludge into surface watercourses and reservoirs, burial in the open sea, dewatering of sludge in natural conditions, drying of sludge on sludge beds in evaporation or freeze-thaw mode, mechanical dewatering of compacted sludge in chamber or belt filter presses or in centrifuges with preliminary conditioning using reagents, removal with sludge from sewage facilities by discharging water sludge and wash water to sewage treatment facilities. This article is devoted to the issue of treating sludge from drinking water treatment plants in the city of Almaty. The results of laboratory studies on the selection of an effective flocculant for dewatering sludge from wastewater treatment plants are presented. It was determined through laboratory and experimental methods that high-molecular flocculants of the Praestol 650 TR and Flopam AN 913 SH brands are most effective when dewatering water supply sludge from treatment plants in the city of Almaty. These flocculants showed good results in two out of three indicators. The best result in terms of water yield and purity of liquid separated during precipitation.

The methodology of substantiation and formulas are given, according to which the values of technological and technical parameters of three standard sizes of an improved hydraulic ram pumping unit for lifting water from watercourses are determined: one standard size for watering pastures and two standard sizes for irrigation of land plots of peasant and agricultural farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan,   developed at the Kazakh National Agrarian Research University while carrying out research on applied research and the IRN-DP21682075 project "Pumping units for lifting water from watercourses powered by water energy" through JSC "Science Foundation" of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Contract No. 102 dated 11/10/2023).

The following technological and technical parameters of an improved hydraulic ram pumping unit for lifting water from watercourses powered by water energy are substantiated: the speed of water in the intake filter, the internal diameters of the intake filter, the supply pipeline, the water lifting pipeline (sleeve), the diameters of the through sections: shock and discharge valves, the length of the supply pipeline.

The field of application is the agricultural water supply of agricultural facilities of the Republic of Kazakhstan (peasant and farm farms and other agricultural formations) in areas with watercourses during the spring, summer and autumn periods of use. The distinctive features of a hydraulic ram pumping unit are the lifting of water using energy-saving and environmentally friendly water lifting technology by using the kinetic energy of the water flow in watercourses (geometric and high-speed heads) to drive and create hydraulic shock pressure in the supply pipeline from the periodic closing and opening of the hydraulic shock valve installed in it, as a result of which the supply and pressure in the pumping unit are created.

This article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of using natural mineral sorbents based on zeolite, bentonite clays and diatomite in the low mountains of Zhetysu (Dzungar) Alatau for purification and conditioning of drinking water and wastewater treatment from sulfates, bicarbonates, nitrates, heavy metal ions and other harmful impurities .

The physicochemical and mineralogical composition of natural sorbents and the adsorption efficiency of the resulting combined sorbents were studied, and an increase in sorption activity was found depending on the composition of the sorbent and the influence of modification of the sorbents on the firing temperature. To increase the adsorption capacity of sorbents during heat treatment, the mechanism of thermal activation was used, which is due to the removal of adsorbed and constitutional water, that is, an increase in total porosity. Close to thermal activation is the method of hydrothermal modification of natural sorbents - treatment in water vapor at high temperatures and pressure.

The scientific and practical value of our research is to obtain a modification of the sorbent for wastewater purification, with simultaneous sorption of chemical and microbiological contaminants contained in water, promoting disinfection and softening of water, increasing the degree of saturation of the treated water with calcium, magnesium salts and microelements, not requiring for use complex equipment. The technical result consists in creating a modified complex of natural adsorbents with the sorbing ability of chemical and microbiological contaminants, disinfecting and softening water, enriching it with calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium ions, as well as microelements.

Experiments conducted on the use of natural mineral sorbents in water purification processes from contaminants have revealed significant differences in the effectiveness of the considered sorbents, determined by their mineral composition, microstructure, sorption capacity and the presence of catalytic activity.

The article discusses the issues of comparative content of heavy metals in the fruits of various varieties and forms of rose hips growing in the mountainous conditions of the Almaty region and in Almaty. The conditions for the appearance of heavy metals in plant organisms are given. Due to the fact that rose hips are often used by the population for food and medicinal purposes, questions arise about the concentration of heavy metals in the fruits and their level of safety. Comparative quantitative values ​​of the content of heavy metals in rose hips growing in two contrasting ecological regions are given.

It was experimentally revealed that the content of chemical substances in the fruits of the studied varieties and forms of rose hips does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. At the same time, in urban rose hips the concentration of heavy metals is slightly higher than in mountain plantations, but does not exceed the MPC. Among the studied varieties and forms of rose hips in two contrasting ecological areas, only one case slightly exceeds the norm for cadmium content: “Form-3” in urban plantings 1.0302 mg/kg.

The low content of heavy metals in rose hips is explained by the fact that during rain, all settled dust is washed away due to the smooth surface of the fruit.

This article discusses the use of geographic information systems when carrying out land management work. Organization of research work on the problems of land management, land monitoring and development of the state land cadastre; development of federal regional interregional programs for land reform. Land management activities are determined by land reform, streamlining, organizing rational use, protecting lands within the boundaries of rural settlements and limiting them from other places. The central apparatus includes structural units for organizing and financing land reform, state control over the use and protection of land; economic stimulation; state land cadastre; information support for land reform and monitoring; land management; land use forecasting and state land management expertise; innovation programs; logistics; external and inter-republican relations; legal and cadastral support for land reform; carries out its activities in organizing and conducting topographic-geodetic, cartographic, soil and other survey and design work. Ensures the maintenance of the land cadastre and land monitoring, the development of working projects for the improvement and protection of agricultural lands, scientific support for the implementation of land reform and other issues, and also provides for organizational, legal, instructional and methodological, land management, scientific and methodological, personnel, material and technical and financial support for land reform. The introduction of information systems for the full implementation of these land management processes contributes to obtaining the most suitable options for solving problems using automated methods, intelligent and expert systems. They also provide a reduction in the daily workload of operators by automating the processes of generating reliable information in a reusable environment.

With global climate change, the number of natural disasters is currently increasing. Therefore, public attention is paid to the problem of climate change. One of the goals of sustainable development is to combat climate change. To achieve this goal, many activities are being carried out at the regional, national and global levels. In December 2023, the World Climate Summit was held in Dubai, where Head of State K.K. Tokayev made a speech and touched upon important issues related to the climate in the country. The calculation of climate indices is important for assessing climate change. In this regard, it is possible to calculate climate indices using the ClimPACT software. ClimPACT is an open access online software currently used to calculate climate indices. This article provides step-by-step instructions for calculating climate indices using a software product. With this program, young scientists will be able to explore the climate side in a scientific article. This manual is intended for students and graduates of the educational program “Meteorology”, specialists in the field of climate and agriculture, all workers in the field of environmental protection, and young scientists.

The main wealth of Kazakhstan is land resources, and management, legal protection and structural diversification of arable agricultural land lead to effective use of natural production potential, increase and maximum profitability of production, and sustainable preservation of natural fertility. The purpose of the research is the analysis of the state of agricultural land in Kazakhstan with the classification of scientifically based factors affecting the sustainability of land use. The methods of analysis and synthesis, systematization, abstraction and refinement, statistics and generalization are used as a methodological basis. A certain perspective on the assessment of agricultural land within the framework of the scheme of sustainable land use and development in the territory of Kazakhstan.

In this study, the system of agricultural land management is considered, the rate of development is noted, and the relationship between land redistribution to increase sustainable land use is established.

Most of the lands leased from the state are often not used as intended, and measures are not taken to prevent soil deterioration. Biodiversity is subject to the negative impact of agriculture. Especially with excessive use of mineral fertilizers. Widespread use of chemical fertilizers creates problems in the form of pollution of lakes and rivers. Today, about 500 pesticides are registered in Kazakhstan, and this list is updated annually by 15-20 names. In addition, there are problems with the appearance of abandoned lands and the lack of working and investment funds for the maintenance and development of peasant farms. This, in turn, also affects the environment. In animal husbandry, in addition to the problem of breeding cattle, the lack of land for growing fodder crops is a limiting factor for the growth of meat production. One of the main reasons for habitat destruction in most arid and semi-arid pastures of the country is intensive livestock grazing. 

This article provides information from published literature sources about the spike in the period from 1970 to 2024, as well as scientific work performed at the scientific and production center of the fisheries and received from fishermen and specialists of the fish inspection. The thorn (Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828) is a small and valuable species of fish in the sturgeon family. It is endemic to the Aral Sea. Populated natural areas are the basins of the Black, Azov, Caspian, and Aral Seas and their estuaries. The spike belongs to the most vulnerable and small–numbered sturgeon fish in the world, its isolated individuals are still found in the Balkhash- Ili basin (Kazakhstan-China) due to its introduction in 1933-1934.  It should be noted that this is the only example of successful acclimatization of sturgeons. In 2024, research work on the Kapshagai reservoir and the Ile River was carried out in May-August at 10 stations. According to the results of the study, the population of the thorn is very low. Only fry rarely get into the net. In order to preserve this species from complete extinction, the scientific and production center of the fisheries, the Balkhash branch, is working to create a repair and breeding stock of thorns at a closed water supply installation. 

Innovative development of the land management industry is inextricably linked with the introduction of automation and robotics in land cadastral services and the use of modern information technologies in the land management system, the peculiarity of which is the formation of large arrays of information that ensure increased efficiency of sustainable development of rural areas, improvement of technological solutions in the system of rational use of land resources of settlements in the country. To improve the efficiency of rational use of the territories of settlements in the context of rapidly changing requirements of standards and many regulatory documents, the digitalization of technologies in the land management system is of the utmost importance. The issues of development of rural areas in the Republic of Kazakhstan have remained one of the most pressing for many years. In the vast territory of the country, a significant part of it remains poorly developed and sparsely populated. The reasons for this situation are the large dispersion of the territories of rural settlements, natural and climatic conditions, terrain, insufficient funding for the development of the social and everyday sphere, which entails the desire of the population to migrate to settlements with a higher level of social comfort. "Over the past 10 years, the rural development policy has been aimed at improving the quality of life of the rural population through priority support for rural settlements with development potential, ... according to the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter referred to as BNS), as of the beginning of 2023, there are 6,295 rural settlements (hereinafter referred to as RCS) in the republic, in which 38.2% of the country's population or 7.5 million people live."[1]

Studies of salt waterbodies are topical for understanding their role in preserving and producing cysts of the valuable bioresource Artemia. A comprehensive analysis of the salt lake Tuzkol carried out in May and August 2022. Standard methods performed sampling and processing of samples of Artemia. Artemia population represented by a bisexual race, but abundance of males is insignificant (0.02% of total population). The total abundance of artemia reached 34.0 thousand individuals/m³ in May and 13.0 thousand individuals/m³ in August. Nauplii and individuals at the juvenile stage formed the basis of quantitative variables of artemia. Artemia biomass reached 31.0 mg/m³ in May and 13.0 mg/m³ in August. Large egg-carrying females created the population biomass. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not reveal significant differences between the average values ​​of the abundance and biomass of Artemia in different years. During research period, a slight increase in the biomass of Artemia noted, which might be due to a twofold increase in the level of TDS in lake in 2022 compared to the previous year of study. The productivity (by cysts) of Artemia varied from 10.3 to 190.8 kg/ha. The main portion of Artemia cysts concentrated in female ovisacs and the water column in May, by August the cysts prevailed (98.1%) in bottom sediment. In both research periods, cysts were not found in the coastal zone where their catching carried out. Based on benthic cysts, Tuzkol Lake classified as a highly productive waterbody in summer 2022. Bottom cysts, being at the dormant stage, provide the abundance of the first generation of Artemia and are a reserve for preserving the population. Based on this, Lake Tuzkol recommended to be used as a habitat for preserving the unique gene pool of Artemia and for studying the adaptation of halobionts to unstable conditions of the aquatic environment.

The problem of timely accurate assessment of the erosion hazard of the territory is quite acute for the agro-industrial complex of our country, since erosion processes cause huge damage to agriculture. To ensure the work on the rational organization of the territory and competent land management support for these actions, it is necessary to use modern technologies and modern software in the field of geoinformation systems.Thanks to geoinformation systems, it becomes possible to quickly and efficiently create sufficiently accurate and informative planning and cartographic material necessary for the development and implementation of projects for the anti-erosion organization of the territory.

This work is devoted to the use of methods of remote sensing of the earth from space to detect eroded lands. The article also analyzes the natural climatic conditions, environmental conditions and anthropogenic factors leading to erosion of the lands of the studied territory. The statistical data of the lands subject to erosion and its types in the territory of the region are also given. In the course of the work, cartographic images were created for key areas of the studied territory and, based on these maps, the scale and degree of erosion were determined. The proposed erosion control measures are recommended for use in the development of agricultural land use projects.

Various climatic factors, including temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind, play a crucial role in plant growth, yield, and quality. Therefore, understanding a region’s climate characteristics is essential before beginning agricultural activities to determine suitable crops for cultivation.

This study aims to map the spatial distribution of annual total precipitation in Kazakhstan by applying different interpolation methods to long-term (20-year) precipitation data from 80 meteorological stations. Precipitation data from 2000 to 2019 were obtained from the MERRA-2 Meteorological Re-Analysis database.

To identify the most accurate interpolation method, seven techniques were tested: Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Radial Basis Functions (RBF), Local Polynomial Interpolation (LPI), Ordinary Kriging (OK), Bayesian Empirical Kriging (BEK), CoKriging (COK), and Diffusion Kernel. Correlation coefficients and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values were used as criteria to evaluate each method's accuracy.

Results showed RMSE values of 35.568 for IDW, 30.777 for RBF, 30.031 for LPI, 25.751 for OK, 28.767 for BEK, 45.9 for COK, and 25.379 for Diffusion Kernel. The Diffusion Kernel method, with the lowest RMSE and highest correlation coefficient, was found to be the most suitable for creating the areal distribution map of precipitation in Kazakhstan.

Selecting the best interpolation method is essential as variations among methods can lead to different spatial distributions. Using the most appropriate interpolation method for each point dataset allows for more accurate mapping of water, soil, and climate data, leading to improved resource management.

The process of sublimation drying of berries provided, this is the drying method along the berry the humidity is reduced to 2-5%. The dryer is conditional consists of two blocks - refrigeration and sublimation unit. At room temperature the product is placed in the drying chamber. Equipment after connection, vacuum pump in the chamber reduces the pressure to 10-30 Pa. When a vacuum is created and free product due to evaporation of moisture leads to freezing. Most of the moisture is converted into ice crystals, and then the sublimation process begins. This equipment uses 404 a freon. Temperature to register 8 channel OVEN TRM138 RS-485 temperature meter was used. Of the product to measure weight every 30 minutes removed from the chamber Vibra HT 224RCE was weighed on an analytical balance. The experiment was performed with three types of berries: strawberries; currants and raspberries. Experience during the temperatures on the surface of the berries, inside the chamber and the mass of the product were measured. Duration of drying as a criterion of effective mode, energy expenses and quality indicators of dried berries were determined. The effective sublimation time was 4.5 hours. Inside the chamber at a pressure of (20 ± 5) Pa, at a temperature of (-42 ± 2) ⁰С, general freezing and sublimation time not more than 5 hours, the total drying time is 8 hours. The initial weight of strawberries decreased by 36%, currants by 28% and raspberries by 27.4%. Drying should be stopped when the chamber temperature reaches 40 ° C.

The article presents the results of research on drying apples in the multifunctional heliosushilka module of the heliosushilka-greenhouse in the educational and industrial economy of the Kazakh National Agrarian Research University.

The relevance of research. The purpose of the scientific study is to conduct theoretical and experimental studies to justify the main parameters and modes of operation of the proposed heliocomputer module.

Methodology of the study. Experimental studies were carried out in accordance with the current SN RK and GOST standards, using the experimental design technique.

Main results. Meeting the needs of the population in products of plant origin can be achieved through the use of greenhouse structures, the preparation of canned and dried products in special containers. Increasing the efficiency of the production of dried products is achieved by reducing transport costs and increasing the effect of solar energy through the use of a Helio drying module in greenhouse construction.

Conclusions on research work. The heliocomputer module is used as part of a greenhouse building in order to improve efficiency and save energy resources in the conditions of the south-east of Kazakhstan.

The thermal variety is a technical means that transports thermal energy from a low-potential source to a consumer. It belongs to a promising class of thermal power engineering. The authors hypothesized an increase in the efficiency of the heat pump when a solar collector is connected to it, as well as self-regulation of the compressor by the evaporator. If to this day the heat pump (TN) is mainly offered as a means of air cooling and provides a certain thermal power in winter, now the main focus is on meeting the needs for heat. This was facilitated by the requirements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, search for alternative environmental solutions that replace traditional heat supply systems, as well as increase the efficiency and reliability of well-known heating systems. Theoretical studies analyze the concepts of joint absorption of direct sunlight and thermal energy from the ambient air generated during the operation of a heat pump on a solar collector, as well as increasing heat transfer from the surface of an arc compressor to reverse heat extraction by an evaporator. The authors concluded that a set of technical solutions - a return to the heating system produced by the compressor and maintaining the temperature regime of the compressor, including cooling the drive electric coils, can increase the thermal characteristics of the solar collector under the action of a direct kun beam and suction of thermal energy together with air and a heat pump.

The Russian dairy industry faces a number of challenges today. On the one hand, the country has faced a significant number of international sanctions restricting the import of many products. On the other hand, these restrictions have become an incentive for the growth and development of domestic production. In this context, import substitution has become one of the key strategies that allows not only to maintain the stability of the industry, but also opens up new opportunities for its development. In this regard, the article considers the prerequisites for the implementation of innovative activities in the dairy industry, presents a classification of sectoral innovations, defines innovation management tools and conditions for organizing innovative activities at dairy enterprises, assesses the current state and dynamics of the global milk and dairy products market, identifies areas for improving the sustainability of the enterprises of the industry under study. Based on the market analysis, the necessity and possibility of producing innovative products (micellar casein) have been proved. The planned output capacity is 2,600 tons / year, with capital expenditures for the construction of a building and the purchase of equipment of about 2 billion rubles. Revenue and net profit will increase by 6.97% and 19.71%, respectively, return on sales will increase by 0.56%, the payback period of investments excluding the opportunity cost of capital will reach 7 years. Calculations of the socio-economic and production efficiency of the introduction of raw materials and product innovations in the aspect of improving innovation management in the context of import substitution have confirmed the expediency and possibility of introducing the production of an innovative product at an industrial enterprise - the object of research.