Menu
AGRICULTURE, AGROCHEMICAL, FEED PRODUCTION, AGROECOLOGY

A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CREATING FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON MICRO CLONAL BIOMASS FROM PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA

Medet Sembekov 1 , Mariam Kaygermazova 1 , Elvira Shadenova 1

1 RSE «Institute of Genetics and Physiology», Almaty, Kazakhstan

doi.org/10.37884/3-2026/08 pp. 94-105 Admitted 08.01.2026 Published 30.06.2026

Abstract

The development of plant-based feed additives is a relevant area of modern biotechnology aimed at improving the sustainability and efficiency of animal husbandry. Fast-growing plants with high biomass accumulation potential, such as Paulownia tomentosa, are of particular interest. Objective. The study aimed to obtain microclonal biomass of P. tomentosa under in vitro conditions and to evaluate its potential feed value based on biochemical and functional indicators. Methods. Microclonal propagation was carried out using standard protocols. The biomass was analyzed for crude protein, fiber, amino acid compo-sition, and microelement content. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS assays. The potential feed value was assessed using model feed rations and calculated indicators of digestibility and me-tabolizable energy. Results. It was established that the microclonal biomass contained 18.6 % crude protein, was characterized by a balanced amino acid profile, and exhibited antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ DPPH = 0.84 mg/mL). Standardized cultivation conditions ensured reproducibility of the parameters. Model-based evaluation showed that inclusion of 1–5 % biomass in the diet may contribute to an increase in metabolizable energy and dry matter digestibility. Conclusions. Microclonal biomass of P. tomentosa can be considered a promising source of plant raw material for feed additives. The obtained results are of a predictive nature and require fur-ther experimental validation under in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Paulownia tomentosa microclonal biomass biotechnology feed additives plant raw materials antioxidant activity biochemical composition in vitro culture feed value sustainable animal husbandry

01 Introduction

The full text of the article is available for download in PDF format on the right panel.

02 References

  1. Abdelli, N., Solà-Oriol, D., & Pérez, J.F. (2021). Phytogenic feed additives in poultry: Achievements, prospective and challenges. Animals. 11(12). 3471. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123471
  2. Alem, W. T. (2024). Effect of herbal extracts in animal nutrition as feed additives. Heliyon, 10(3), e24973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24973
  3. Burger, D.W., Liu, L., & Wu, L. (1985). Rapid micropropagation of Paulownia tomentosa. HortScience, 20, 760–761.
  4. Dai, J., & Mumper, R.J. (2010). Plant phenolics: Extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules. 15(10). 7313–7352. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15107313
  5. Dżugan, M., Miłek, M., Grabek-Lejko, D., Hęclik, J., Jacek, B., & Litwińczuk, W. (2021). Antioxidant activity, polyphenolic profiles and antibacterial properties of leaf extract of various Paulownia spp. clones. Agronomy, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102001
  6. El-Zaiat, H.M., Elshafie, E.I., Al-Marzooqi, W., & Dughaishi, K.A. (2022). Effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder supplementation on rumen fermentation, feed intake, apparent digestibility and performance in Omani sheep. Animals, 12(22), 3146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12223146
  7. Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau, A., Rinne, M., Lamminen, M., Mapato, C., Ampapon, T., Wanapat, M., & Vanhatalo, A. (2018). Alternative and novel feeds for ruminants: Nutritive value, product quality and environmental aspects. Animal, 12(S2), 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731118002252
  8. Hamza, E.M. (2019). Direct and indirect micropropagation of Paulownia tomentosa and genetic stability of produced plantlets. American Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 19(2), 123–135.
  9. Huang, H., et al. (2021). Chemical and phytochemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production, and nutrient degradability of fresh and ensiled Paulownia hybrid leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 279, 115038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115038
  10. Ipekci, Z., Altinkut, A., Kazan, K., Bajrovic, K., & Gozukirmizi, N. (2001). High frequency plant regeneration from nodal explants of Paulownia elongata. Plant Biology, 3(2), 113–115. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-12903
  11. Kan, T., Strezov, V., & Evans, T.J. (2016). Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis: A review of product properties and effects of pyrolysis parameters. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, 1126–1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.185
  12. Kobernitsky, V., Kobernitsky, T., Volobaeva, V., & Muzyka, O. (2023). Comparative evaluation of sorghum collection samples grown in northern Kazakhstan. Izdenister Natigeler, 3(99), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2023/21
  13. Li, H., Wang, H., Guan, L., Li, Z., Wang, H., & Luo, J. (2023). Optimization of high-efficiency tissue culture regeneration systems in gray poplar. Life, 13(9), 1896. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091896
  14. Litwińczuk, W., & Jacek, B. (2023). Growth of Paulownia ssp. interspecific hybrid ‘Oxytree’ micropropagated nursery plants under the influence of plant-growth regulators. Agronomy, 13(10), 2474. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13102474
  15. Mohaddab, M., El Goumi, Y., Gallo, M., Montesano, D., Zengin, G., Bouyahya, A., & Fakiri, M. (2022). Biotechnology and in vitro culture as an alternative system for secondary metabolite production. Molecules, 27(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27228093
  16. Moyo, B., et al. (2011). Nutritional characterization of Moringa oleifera leaves. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(60), 12925–12933. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.1599
  17. Nagendran, B., et al. (2006). Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chemistry, 99(1), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.042
  18. Negrușier, C., Buzan, L.-R., Păcurar, I., Sîngeorzan, S. M., Ceuca, V., Colișar, A., Andreica, I., Rózsa, S., & Borsai, O. (2025). Economic sustainability assessment of Paulownia farms in a dual production system: Case studies in temperate climates. Sustainability, 17(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010021
  19. Özge, U., & Kara, Y. (2019). Determination of antioxidant potential in the leaf and flower of Paulownia tomentosa. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 6(2), 106–112. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.537166
  20. Petcu, C.D., Mihai, O. D., Tăpăloagă, D., Gheorghe-Irimia, R.-A., Pogurschi, E.N., Militaru, M., Borda, C., & Ghimpețeanu, O.-M. (2023). Effects of plant-based antioxidants in animal diets and meat products. Foods, 12(6), 1334. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061334
  21. Pitino, R., De Marchi, M., Manuelian, C. L., Johnson, M., Simoni, M., Righi, F., & Tsiplakou, E. (2021). Plant feed additives as natural alternatives to the use of synthetic antioxidant vitamins. Antioxidants, 10(5), 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050757
  22. Rakhatkyzy, A., Erbolova, L.S., Aubakirova, K.P., Bakytzhanova, Z.N., & Galiakparov, N.N. (2025). Optimization of the introduction of explants of apple trees into in vitro culture. Izdenister Natigeler, 2(106), 383–391. https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2025/38
  23. Rao, C. D., Goh, C., & Kumar, P. P. (1996). High frequency adventitious shoot regeneration from excised leaves of Paulownia spp. cultured in vitro. Plant Cell Reports, 16, 204–209.
  24. Ruiz-Aquino, F., Ruiz-Ángel, S., Feria-Reyes, R., Santiago-García, W., Suárez-Mota, M.E., & Rutiaga-Quiñones, J.G. (2019). Wood chemical composition of five tree species from Oaxaca, Mexico. BioResources. 14(4). 9826–9839. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.9826-9839
  25. Shah, S.H., Islam, S., Alamri, S., Parrey, Z.A., Mohammad, F., & Kalaji, H.M. (2023). Plant growth regulators mediated changes in mustard productivity. Agriculture, 13(3), 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030570
  26. Thiesen, F.N., Chmielarz, P., Pawłowski, T.A., et al. (2025). Stable in vitro propagation of Fagus sylvatica. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-025-03304-y
  27. Tilley, J.M. A., & Terry, R.A. (1963). A two-stage technique for in vitro digestibility. Grass and Forage Science, 18(2), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x
  28. Untea, A.E., Varzaru, I., Saracila, M., Panaite, T.D., Oancea, A.G., Vlaicu, P.A., & Grosu, I.A. (2023). Antioxidant properties of cranberry leaves and walnut meal. Antioxidants, 12(5), 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12051084
  29. Vergun, O., Dzhamal, R., Svitlana, R., & Valentyna, F. (2022). Comparative study of biochemical composition of Paulownia tomentosa. Agrobiodiversity for Improving Nutrition, Health and Life Quality. 6(2). 180–190.
  30. Wang, J., Si, W., Du, Z., Zhang, J., & Xue, M. (2022). Antioxidants in animal feed. Antioxidants, 11(9), 1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091760
  31. Zhumataeva, Z., Serikbaeva, G., Turganaliev, S., Mukuliev, Z., & Rafikov, T. (2024). Improving the ecological and economic efficiency of land use. Izdenister Natigeler. 2(102). 360–369. https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2024/35

Citation Links

[1]2026. A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CREATING FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON MICRO CLONAL BIOMASS FROM PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA. Izdenister natigeler. 28, 3 (111) (Jun. 2026), 94–105. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2026/08.
(1)A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CREATING FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON MICRO CLONAL BIOMASS FROM PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA. Izdenister natigeler 2026, 28 (3 (111), 94-105. https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2026/08.
A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CREATING FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON MICRO CLONAL BIOMASS FROM PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA. (2026). Izdenister Natigeler, 28(3 (111), 94-105. https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2026/08
A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CREATING FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON MICRO CLONAL BIOMASS FROM PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA. Izdenister natigeler, [S. l.], v. 28, n. 3 (111), p. 94–105, 2026. DOI: 10.37884/3-2026/08. Disponível em: https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1184. Acesso em: 15 sep. 2026.
“A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CREATING FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON MICRO CLONAL BIOMASS FROM PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA”. 2026. Izdenister Natigeler 28 (3 (111): 94-105. https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2026/08.
“A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CREATING FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON MICRO CLONAL BIOMASS FROM PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA” (2026) Izdenister natigeler, 28(3 (111), pp. 94–105. doi:10.37884/3-2026/08.
[1]“A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CREATING FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON MICRO CLONAL BIOMASS FROM PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA”, Izdenister natigeler, vol. 28, no. 3 (111), pp. 94–105, Jun. 2026, doi: 10.37884/3-2026/08.
“A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CREATING FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON MICRO CLONAL BIOMASS FROM PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA”. Izdenister Natigeler, vol. 28, no. 3 (111), June 2026, pp. 94-105, https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2026/08.
“A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CREATING FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON MICRO CLONAL BIOMASS FROM PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA”. Izdenister natigeler 28, no. 3 (111) (June 30, 2026): 94–105. Accessed September 15, 2026. https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1184.
1.A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CREATING FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON MICRO CLONAL BIOMASS FROM PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA. Izdenister natigeler [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 30 [cited 2026 Sep. 15];28(3 (111):94-105. Available from: https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1184
1.A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CREATING FEED ADDITIVES BASED ON MICRO CLONAL BIOMASS FROM PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA. Izdenister natigeler. 2026;28(3 (111):94-105. doi:10.37884/3-2026/08