Login | Register
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University ISSN 2304-3334 (Print)  ·  ISSN 2304-3334 (Online)
submit an article
Menu
submit an article
AGRICULTURE, AGROCHEMICAL, FEED PRODUCTION, AGROECOLOGY

EVALUATION OF INFECTION SEVERITY IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS USING VARYING SPORANGIA CONCENTRATIONS

Akerke Zhamalbekova 1 , Aizhan Sardar 1 , Arenz Brett 2 , Alibek Uspanov 1

1 LLP "Kazakh Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine named after Zh. Zhiembayev"; 2 University of Minnesota

doi.org/10.37884/03-1-2025/15 Admitted 23.07.2025 Published 15.10.2025

Abstract

Phytophthora infestans is the causative agent of late blight and one of the most economically significant diseases of Solanaceous crops. Detached leaf assays are useful tools to efficiently assess how differing environmental conditions and management controls may affect the infection process and overall disease severity. However, these protocols need refinement to more fully reflect natural infection processes in the field. In a detached leaf assay experiment to study the infection rate and the development of late blight as affected by initial sporangia concentration, greenhouse-grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and eggplant (Solanum melongena) were used. The study showed a clear dose-dependent response: high concentrations of sporangia (50,000/ml and 10,000/ml) caused rapid and extensive spot formation, while at low concentrations (2,000/ml), symptoms were mild and control leaves remained healthy. The spread of the spots and the percentage of the affected area were assessed using the ImageJ program for 7 days.

The results confirm the effectiveness of the detached leaf method for quantifying pathogen aggressiveness and provide insight into the early stages of host-pathogen interaction.

detached leaf assay Phythophtora infestans potato tomato sporangia inoculation colonization

01 Introduction

The full text of the article is available for download in PDF format on the right panel.

02 References

  1. 1. Fontana, D. C., de Paula, S., Torres, A. G., de Souza, V. H. M., Pascholati, S. F., Schmidt, D., & Dourado Neto, D. (2021). Endophytic fungi: Biological control and induced resistance to phytopathogens and abiotic stresses. Pathogens, 10(5), 570. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/5/570
  2. 2. Aono, N., Asami, H., Naito, T., & Ozawa, Y. (1977). Chemical control of phytophthora rot of eggplant. In Proceedings of the Kanto Tosan Plant Protection Society.
  3. 3. Gough, F. J. (1957). The sexual stage of Phytophthora infestans, the cause of potato and tomato late blight. West Virginia University.
  4. 4. Nizkorodova, A., Kryldakov, R., Karimov, N., Polimbetova, N., & Iskakov, B. (2024). Obtaining transgenic potato plants for countering Phytophthora infestans via “HIGS” method implementation. Izdenister natigeler, (3 (103)), 151-158. https://journal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/681/428
  5. 5. Karki, H. S., & Halterman, D. A. (2021). Phytophthora infestans (late blight) infection assay in a detached leaf of potato. Bio-protocol, 11(4), e3926-e3926.
  6. 6. Ivors, K. L. (Ed.). (2015). Laboratory protocols for Phytophthora species. The American Phytopathological Society.
  7. 7. Vincent, D. P., Elie, K. K., & Gaston, T. N. (2023). Impact of introduced tomato cultivars and chemical fungicides on the occurrence and intensity of late blight in Western Cameroon. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 45(9), 71-84.
  8. 8. Raza, W., Ghazanfar, M. U., Sullivan, L., Cooke, D. E., & Cooke, L. R. (2021). Mating type and aggressiveness of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in potato-growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan, 2017–2018 and identification of genotype 13_A2 in 2019–2020. Potato Research, 64(1), 115-129. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/full/10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1367-RE
  9. 9. Karki, H. S., Jansky, S. H., & Halterman, D. A. (2021). Screening of wild potatoes identifies new sources of late blight resistance. Plant disease, 105(2), 368-376. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/full/10.1094/PDIS-06-20-1367-RE
  10. 10. Aregbesola, E., Ortega-Beltran, A., Falade, T., Jonathan, G., Hearne, S., & Bandyopadhyay, R. (2020). A detached leaf assay to rapidly screen for resistance of maize to Bipolaris maydis, the causal agent of southern corn leaf blight. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 156(1), 133-145. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10658-019-01870-4
  11. 11. Mazumdar, P., Singh, P., Kethiravan, D., Ramathani, I., & Ramakrishnan, N. (2021). Late blight in tomato: insights into the pathogenesis of the aggressive pathogen Phytophthora infestans and future research priorities. Planta, 253(6), 119. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00425-021-03636-x
  12. 12. Macan, G. P. F., Khalil, S., Kalyandurg, P. B., Pareek, N., & Vetukuri, R. R. (2022). A detached leaf assay for rapidly screening plant pathogen-biological control agents. In Plant Pathology: Method and Protocols (pp. 449-458). New York, NY: Springer US.
  13. 13. Sakr, N. (2022). In vitro methodology to assess quantitative resistance in plant-fungus pathosystems. The Open Agriculture Journal, 17(1). https://www.openagriculturejournal.com/VOLUME/17/ELOCATOR/e187433152210120/FULLTEXT/
  14. 14. Hjelkrem, A. G. R., Eikemo, H., Le, V. H., Hermansen, A., & Nærstad, R. (2021). A process-based model to forecast risk of potato late blight in Norway (The Nærstad model): Model development, sensitivity analysis and Bayesian calibration. Ecological Modelling, 450, 109565. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380021001344
  15. 15. McDonald, S. C., Buck, J., & Li, Z. (2022). Automated, image-based disease measurement for phenotyping resistance to soybean frogeye leaf spot. Plant Methods, 18(1), 103. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13007-022-00934-7
  16. 16. Abdi, H., & Williams, L. J. (2010). Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Encyclopedia of research design, 3(1), 1-5.
  17. 17. Wang, R. F., & Su, W. H. (2024). The application of deep learning in the whole potato production Chain: A Comprehensive review. Agriculture, 14(8), 1225. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/8/1225
  18. 18. Guha Roy, S., Dey, T., Cooke, D. E., & Cooke, L. R. (2021). The dynamics of Phytophthora infestans populations in the major potato‐growing regions of Asia–A review. Plant Pathology, 70(5), 1015-1031. https://bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ppa.13360

Citation Links

[1]2025. EVALUATION OF INFECTION SEVERITY IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS USING VARYING SPORANGIA CONCENTRATIONS. Izdenister natigeler. 03-1(special) (Oct. 2025). DOI:https://doi.org/10.37884/03-1-2025/15.
(1)EVALUATION OF INFECTION SEVERITY IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS USING VARYING SPORANGIA CONCENTRATIONS. Izdenister natigeler 2025, No. 03-1(special). https://doi.org/10.37884/03-1-2025/15.
EVALUATION OF INFECTION SEVERITY IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS USING VARYING SPORANGIA CONCENTRATIONS. (2025). Izdenister Natigeler, 03-1(special). https://doi.org/10.37884/03-1-2025/15
EVALUATION OF INFECTION SEVERITY IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS USING VARYING SPORANGIA CONCENTRATIONS. Izdenister natigeler, [S. l.], n. 03-1(special), 2025. DOI: 10.37884/03-1-2025/15. Disponível em: https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1077. Acesso em: 15 sep. 2026.
“EVALUATION OF INFECTION SEVERITY IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS USING VARYING SPORANGIA CONCENTRATIONS”. 2025. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 03-1(special) (October). https://doi.org/10.37884/03-1-2025/15.
“EVALUATION OF INFECTION SEVERITY IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS USING VARYING SPORANGIA CONCENTRATIONS” (2025) Izdenister natigeler [Preprint], (03-1(special). doi:10.37884/03-1-2025/15.
[1]“EVALUATION OF INFECTION SEVERITY IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS USING VARYING SPORANGIA CONCENTRATIONS”, Izdenister natigeler, no. 03-1, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.37884/03-1-2025/15.
“EVALUATION OF INFECTION SEVERITY IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS USING VARYING SPORANGIA CONCENTRATIONS”. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 03-1(special), Oct. 2025, https://doi.org/10.37884/03-1-2025/15.
“EVALUATION OF INFECTION SEVERITY IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS USING VARYING SPORANGIA CONCENTRATIONS”. Izdenister natigeler, no. 03-1(special) (October 15, 2025). Accessed September 15, 2026. https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1077.
1.EVALUATION OF INFECTION SEVERITY IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS USING VARYING SPORANGIA CONCENTRATIONS. Izdenister natigeler [Internet]. 2025 Oct. 15 [cited 2026 Sep. 15];(03-1(special). Available from: https://kazvetjournal.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1077
1.EVALUATION OF INFECTION SEVERITY IN SOLANACEOUS CROPS CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS USING VARYING SPORANGIA CONCENTRATIONS. Izdenister natigeler. 2025;(03-1(special). doi:10.37884/03-1-2025/15